131 research outputs found
Revisiting Disentanglement and Fusion on Modality and Context in Conversational Multimodal Emotion Recognition
It has been a hot research topic to enable machines to understand human
emotions in multimodal contexts under dialogue scenarios, which is tasked with
multimodal emotion analysis in conversation (MM-ERC). MM-ERC has received
consistent attention in recent years, where a diverse range of methods has been
proposed for securing better task performance. Most existing works treat MM-ERC
as a standard multimodal classification problem and perform multimodal feature
disentanglement and fusion for maximizing feature utility. Yet after revisiting
the characteristic of MM-ERC, we argue that both the feature multimodality and
conversational contextualization should be properly modeled simultaneously
during the feature disentanglement and fusion steps. In this work, we target
further pushing the task performance by taking full consideration of the above
insights. On the one hand, during feature disentanglement, based on the
contrastive learning technique, we devise a Dual-level Disentanglement
Mechanism (DDM) to decouple the features into both the modality space and
utterance space. On the other hand, during the feature fusion stage, we propose
a Contribution-aware Fusion Mechanism (CFM) and a Context Refusion Mechanism
(CRM) for multimodal and context integration, respectively. They together
schedule the proper integrations of multimodal and context features.
Specifically, CFM explicitly manages the multimodal feature contributions
dynamically, while CRM flexibly coordinates the introduction of dialogue
contexts. On two public MM-ERC datasets, our system achieves new
state-of-the-art performance consistently. Further analyses demonstrate that
all our proposed mechanisms greatly facilitate the MM-ERC task by making full
use of the multimodal and context features adaptively. Note that our proposed
methods have the great potential to facilitate a broader range of other
conversational multimodal tasks.Comment: Accepted by ACM MM 202
End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directions
End-to-end task-oriented dialogue (EToD) can directly generate responses in
an end-to-end fashion without modular training, which attracts escalating
popularity. The advancement of deep neural networks, especially the successful
use of large pre-trained models, has further led to significant progress in
EToD research in recent years. In this paper, we present a thorough review and
provide a unified perspective to summarize existing approaches as well as
recent trends to advance the development of EToD research. The contributions of
this paper can be summarized: (1) \textbf{\textit{First survey}}: to our
knowledge, we take the first step to present a thorough survey of this research
field; (2) \textbf{\textit{New taxonomy}}: we first introduce a unified
perspective for EToD, including (i) \textit{Modularly EToD} and (ii)
\textit{Fully EToD}; (3) \textbf{\textit{New Frontiers}}: we discuss some
potential frontier areas as well as the corresponding challenges, hoping to
spur breakthrough research in EToD field; (4) \textbf{\textit{Abundant
resources}}: we build a public website\footnote{We collect the related papers,
baseline projects, and leaderboards for the community at
\url{https://etods.net/}.}, where EToD researchers could directly access the
recent progress. We hope this work can serve as a thorough reference for the
EToD research community.Comment: Accepted at EMNLP202
Association of Allergic Symptoms in the First 2 Years of Life With Sleep Outcomes Among Chinese Toddlers
Background: Previous studies have linked allergic symptoms to sleep in children, but the associations might be different when considering different types of allergic symptoms or sleep outcomes. Moreover, the combined effects of multiple allergic symptoms remain unclear in early life. This study aimed to investigate the associations between multiple allergic symptoms and sleep outcomes in early life.
Methods: We included 673 toddlers aged 2 years from a birth cohort in Guangzhou, China. We identified allergic symptoms (skin, eyes and nose, gastrointestinal tract, mouth and lips, and wheeze) within 2 years via standard questionnaires. Sleep outcomes including sleep duration and quality over the past month were assessed based on the Chinese version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Associations between allergic symptoms and sleep outcomes were examined using multivariable linear regression and logistic regression.
Results: Compared to children without allergic symptoms, children with allergic nasal and ocular symptoms had higher odds of frequent nighttime awakenings (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.93) and irregular sleep (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.00); children with allergic gastrointestinal symptoms slept 0.28 h less during nighttime (95% CI: -0.48, -0.07) and 0.25 h less per day (95% CI: -0.43, -0.08), and had 59% higher odds of irregular sleep (95% CI: 1.24, 2.04). We also found significant association of multiple allergic symptoms with shortened nighttime sleep duration and increased irregular sleep. Whereas, allergic skin, mouth and lips, and wheeze symptoms were not significantly associated with sleep outcomes.
Conclusion: Allergic symptoms within 2 years of age were adversely associated with sleep outcomes, which highlight the importance of early screening of allergic symptoms in toddlers in order to improve their sleep outcomes
Nickel-based superalloy architectures with surface mechanical attrition treatment:Compressive properties and collapse behaviour
Surface modifications can introduce natural gradients or structural hierarchy into human-made microlattices, making them simultaneously strong and tough. Herein, we describe our investigations of the mechanical properties and the underlying mechanisms of additively manufactured nickel–chromium superalloy (IN625) microlattices after surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Our results demonstrated that SMAT increased the yielding strength of these microlattices by more than 64.71% and also triggered a transition in their mechanical behaviour. Two primary failure modes were distinguished: weak global deformation, and layer-by-layer collapse, with the latter enhanced by SMAT. The significantly improved mechanical performance was attributable to the ultrafine and hard graded-nanograin layer induced by SMAT, which effectively leveraged the material and structural effects. These results were further validated by finite element analysis. This work provides insight into collapse behaviour and should facilitate the design of ultralight yet buckling-resistant cellular materials.</p
MOF Acetylates the Histone Demethylase LSD1 to Suppress Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
SummaryThe histone demethylase LSD1 facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression by repressing epithelial marker expression. However, little is known about how its function may be modulated. Here, we report that LSD1 is acetylated in epithelial but not mesenchymal cells. Acetylation of LSD1 reduces its association with nucleosomes, thus increasing histone H3K4 methylation at its target genes and activating transcription. The MOF acetyltransferase interacts with LSD1 and is responsible for its acetylation. MOF is preferentially expressed in epithelial cells and is downregulated by EMT-inducing signals. Expression of exogenous MOF impedes LSD1 binding to epithelial gene promoters and histone demethylation, thereby suppressing EMT and tumor invasion. Conversely, MOF depletion enhances EMT and tumor metastasis. In human cancer, high MOF expression correlates with epithelial markers and a favorable prognosis. These findings provide insight into the regulation of LSD1 and EMT and identify MOF as a critical suppressor of EMT and tumor progression
The associations of residential greenness with fetal growth in utero and birth weight: A birth cohort study in Beijing, China
Background: Although studies have examined the association between residential greenness and birth weight, there is no evidence regarding the association between residential greenness and fetal growth in utero. We aimed to investigate the associations of residential greenness with both fetal growth in utero and birth weight. Methods: A birth cohort (2014–2017) with 18,665 singleton pregnancies was established in Tongzhou Maternal and Child hospital of Beijing, China. Residential greenness was matched with maternal residential address and estimated from remote satellite data using normalized difference vegetation index with 200 m and 500 m buffers (NDVI-200 and NDVI-500). Fetal parameters including estimated fetal weight (EFW), abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC) an
cAMP/CREB-regulated LINC00473 marks LKB1-inactivated lung cancer and mediates tumor growth
The LKB1 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated and inactivated in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Loss of LKB1 promotes cancer progression and influences therapeutic responses in preclinical studies; however, specific targeted therapies for lung cancer with LKB1 inactivation are currently unavailable. Here, we have identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature that is associated with the loss of LKB1 function. We discovered that LINC00473 is consistently the most highly induced gene in LKB1-inactivated human primary NSCLC samples and derived cell lines. Elevated LINC00473 expression correlated with poor prognosis, and sustained LINC00473 expression was required for the growth and survival of LKB1-inactivated NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, LINC00473 was induced by LKB1 inactivation and subsequent cyclic AMP–responsive element–binding protein (CREB)/CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC) activation. We determined that LINC00473 is a nuclear lncRNA and interacts with NONO, a component of the cAMP signaling pathway, thereby facilitating CRTC/CREB-mediated transcription. Collectively, our study demonstrates that LINC00473 expression potentially serves as a robust biomarker for tumor LKB1 functional status that can be integrated into clinical trials for patient selection and treatment evaluation, and implicates LINC00473 as a therapeutic target for LKB1-inactivated NSCLC
Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Water Extract of Galla Chinensis In Vivo
Aim. Pain and inflammation are associated with many diseases in humans and animals. Galla Chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of pharmacological properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Galla Chinensis through different animal models. Method. The analgesic activities were evaluated by hot-plate and writhing tests. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by ear edema, capillary permeability, and paw edema tests. The contents of cytokines (NO, iNOS, PGE2, and IL-10) in serum of rats in paw edema test were inspected by ELISA assays. Results. In the hot-plate test, Galla Chinensis could significantly extend pain threshold when compared to control group. The inhibitory rates of writhes ranged from 36.62% to 68.57% in Galla Chinensis-treated mice. Treatment with Galla Chinensis (1 and 0.5 g/kg) could significantly inhibit ear edema (47.45 and 36.91%, resp.; P < 0.01). Galla Chinensis (1 g/kg) had significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in capillary permeability test (29.04%). In carrageenan-induced edema test, the inhibitory rates were 43.71% and 44.07% (P < 0.01) at 1 h and 2 h after administration of Galla Chinensis (1 g/kg), respectively, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. Conclusion. These results suggest that Galla Chinensis has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be a candidate drug for the treatment of inflammation and pain
In Vivo
Aim. Dermatophytosis is one of the main fungal diseases in humans and animals all over the world. Galla chinensis, a traditional medicine, has various pharmacological effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the treatment effect of Galla chinensis solution (GCS) on dermatophytosis-infected dogs (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, resp.). Methods. The treatment effects of GCS were evaluated by mycological cure rates and clinical score comprised of three indices, including inflammation, hair loss, and lesion scale. Results. The results showed that, in the three models of dermatophytosis, GCS significantly (P<0.05) improved skin lesions and fungal eradication. GCS (10% and 5%) had higher efficacy compared to the positive control (Tujingpi Tincture). The fungal eradication efficacy exceeds 85% after treatment with GCS (10%, 5%, and 2.5%) on day 14. Conclusion. The GCS has antidermatophytosis effect in dogs, which may be a candidate drug for the treatment of dermatophytosis
- …