Regional Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Firm-level Exports

This paper extends the model of Melitz (2003) to decompose the tariff and wage effect of trade liberalization on the firm-level intensive margin of exports. The tariff effect of trade liberalization is associated with the reduction in exporting firms' variable trade costs, on the contrast, the wage effect manifests itself through increasing regional wages caused by rising local labor demand. The model shows that the two types of effects have opposite influence on the firm-level exports. The wage effect varies across regions due to the different regional industrial composition, which leads to different regional response to trade liberalization

A Multiobjective Robust Scheduling Optimization Mode for Multienergy Hybrid System Integrated by Wind Power, Solar Photovoltaic Power, and Pumped Storage Power

Wind power plant (WPP), photovoltaic generators (PV), cell-gas turbine (CGT), and pumped storage power station (PHSP) are integrated into multienergy hybrid system (MEHS). Firstly, this paper presents MEHS structure and constructs a scheduling model with the objective functions of maximum economic benefit and minimum power output fluctuation. Secondly, in order to relieve the uncertainty influence of WPP and PV on system, robust stochastic theory is introduced to describe uncertainty and propose a multiobjective stochastic scheduling optimization mode by transforming constraint conditions with uncertain variables. Finally, a 9.6 MW WPP, a 6.5 MW PV, three CGT units, and an upper reservoir with 10 MW·h equivalent capacity are chosen as simulation system. The results show MEHS system can achieve the best operation result by using the multienergy hybrid generation characteristic. PHSP could shave peak and fill valley of load curve by optimizing pumping storage and inflowing generating behaviors based on the load supply and demand status and the available power of WPP and PV. Robust coefficients can relieve the uncertainty of WPP and PV and provide flexible scheduling decision tools for decision-makers with different risk attitudes by setting different robust coefficients, which could maximize economic benefits and minimize operation risks at the same time

Regional Effects of Export Tax Rebate on Exporting Firms: Evidences From China

In this paper, we extend the model of Melitz (2003) to separate the direct and indirect impact of an export tax rebate on the intensive margin of firm-level export sales at the sub-national level. The direct impact of the rebate is associated with a reduction of an exporting firm’s variable costs, while the indirect impact manifests itself through higher regional wages as a result of increased demand for local labor. First, the empirical results imply that a 1% rise in the export tax rebate rate increases the export sales among continuing exporters by 0.4% through the direct channel. Second, the same rebate increase reduces export sales among continuing exporters by 0.02% through indirect channel. Both effects are statistically significant, and are consistent with the model's predictions

Regional Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Firm-level Exports

This paper extends the model of Melitz (2003) to decompose the tariff and wage effect of trade liberalization on the firm-level intensive margin of exports. The tariff effect of trade liberalization is associated with the reduction in exporting firms' variable trade costs, on the contrast, the wage effect manifests itself through increasing regional wages caused by rising local labor demand. The model shows that the two types of effects have opposite influence on the firm-level exports. The wage effect varies across regions due to the different regional industrial composition, which leads to different regional response to trade liberalization

Regional Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Firm-level Exports

This paper extends the model of Melitz (2003) to decompose the tariff and wage effect of trade liberalization on the firm-level intensive margin of exports. The tariff effect of trade liberalization is associated with the reduction in exporting firms' variable trade costs, on the contrast, the wage effect manifests itself through increasing regional wages caused by rising local labor demand. The model shows that the two types of effects have opposite influence on the firm-level exports. The wage effect varies across regions due to the different regional industrial composition, which leads to different regional response to trade liberalization

Regional Effects of Export Tax Rebate on Exporting Firms: Evidences From China

In this paper, we extend the model of Melitz (2003) to separate the direct and indirect impact of an export tax rebate on the intensive margin of firm-level export sales at the sub-national level. The direct impact of the rebate is associated with a reduction of an exporting firm’s variable costs, while the indirect impact manifests itself through higher regional wages as a result of increased demand for local labor. First, the empirical results imply that a 1% rise in the export tax rebate rate increases the export sales among continuing exporters by 0.4% through the direct channel. Second, the same rebate increase reduces export sales among continuing exporters by 0.02% through indirect channel. Both effects are statistically significant, and are consistent with the model's predictions

Robust purchase and sale transactions optimization strategy for electricity retailers with energy storage system considering two-stage demand response

A new two-stage demand response is designed for the electricity retailers with energy storage system (ESS-ER) in the deregulated power market. The ESS-ER could response to the output of different power sources by adjusting the charging-discharging behavior according to the bidding power price. The paper models the two-stage demand response for electric power retailers and proposed a two-layer coordinated optimal model for the purchase and sale of the electric power retailers. In the upper layer model, the conditional value at risk method and robust stochastic theory are applied to describe the uncertainty influence of wind power and Photovoltaic (PV) power, and the minimum whole cost of power purchasing is taken as the objective. In the lower-layer, the power consumption behaviors of different customers are considered to get the maximum revenue of power selling by implementing differentiated demand response. Then, to solve the two-layer mathematical model, the lower-layer model is converted into the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. The results show that: (1) The two-stage demand response could smooth the curves of power purchasing and terminal users’ load, which could bring more flexible transaction space. (2) The proposed two-layer transaction model could balance the cost and risk of power purchasing, bringing more trading opportunities for wind power and PV, which can also reduce the energy consumption cost of the end-users. (3) By introducing the risk cost coefficient, confidence degree and robust coefficient, the decision-makers can adjust the power trading behaviors, and establish the optimal power trading scheme in line with their expected situation. (4) When higher energy storage capacity is set, the efficiency of demand response rises. When the capacity ratio of wind to energy storage is 4:1, the efficiency of demand response reaches the best. When larger energy storage capacity is set, the demand response turns to be more effective. However, when the capacity ratio of wind and PV to energy storage is 4:1, the effect of demand response reaches the best. Overall, the proposed model could provide an effective tool for power retailers in China's electric power market