Use of ultrasonic screening in aquaculture for the directed formation sturgeon and salmon fish mature stocks

The results of research work for the period from 2018 to 2023 on the use of early non-invasive functional ultrasound screening for the purpose of targeted formation of highly productive mature-brood stocks of Siberian sturgeon of the Ob, Yenisei, Baikal, Lena populations, European sterlet of the Kama population, Siberian sterlet of the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh populations on main full-cycle industrial fish-breeding farms of Eastern and Western Siberia using water recirculation systems are presented in the article. Biotechnological methods for the formation of highly productive mature stocks using ultrasound monitoring are described. The number of individuals with pathologies and anomalies in the development of the reproductive system, liver, gallbladder and other internal organs were estimated; treatment methods were proposed. For the first time studies on the use of ultrasound for visualizing the gonads, determining the stages of maturity, detecting diseases of the heart, liver, gallbladder in salmon fish (trout, Atlantic salmon) grown in aquaculture have been carried out. For the first time ultrasound and histological studies were carried out to study the nature of “ink spots” on the skin of Siberian sturgeon Lena population from natural habitat. It was found that in the skin of sturgeon during pathology there was a growth of epidermal cells. Melanin melanocytes increased in both epidermis and dermis. At the same time there were no elastic fibers of the epidermis after painted according to Van-Gison. All these changes may indicate melanoma

Use of ultrasonic screening in aquaculture for the directed formation sturgeon and salmon fish mature stocks

The results of research work for the period from 2018 to 2023 on the use of early non-invasive functional ultrasound screening for the purpose of targeted formation of highly productive mature-brood stocks of Siberian sturgeon of the Ob, Yenisei, Baikal, Lena populations, European sterlet of the Kama population, Siberian sterlet of the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh populations on main full-cycle industrial fish-breeding farms of Eastern and Western Siberia using water recirculation systems are presented in the article. Biotechnological methods for the formation of highly productive mature stocks using ultrasound monitoring are described. The number of individuals with pathologies and anomalies in the development of the reproductive system, liver, gallbladder and other internal organs were estimated; treatment methods were proposed. For the first time studies on the use of ultrasound for visualizing the gonads, determining the stages of maturity, detecting diseases of the heart, liver, gallbladder in salmon fish (trout, Atlantic salmon) grown in aquaculture have been carried out. For the first time ultrasound and histological studies were carried out to study the nature of “ink spots” on the skin of Siberian sturgeon Lena population from natural habitat. It was found that in the skin of sturgeon during pathology there was a growth of epidermal cells. Melanin melanocytes increased in both epidermis and dermis. At the same time there were no elastic fibers of the epidermis after painted according to Van-Gison. All these changes may indicate melanoma

Features of Artemia aquaculture technology in Russia, prospects for its use in other temperate and tropical climates

The results of long-term monitoring of the abundance and biomass of Artemia on the example of several model lakes in the south of Western Siberia are presented. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about the dynamics of the density of Artemia crustaceans characteristic of shallow lakes of temperate climate, associated with low live birth: a high number Artemia shrimps of the first generation and a low following. It is proposed to inoculate naupliuses in lakes during the period of catastrophic decline in the number of crustaceans, which will create a new powerful generation of Artemia. The results of such experiments are shown on the example of two lakes for two years. An assumption is made about the possibility of using this technology of aquaculture of artemia in other temperate countries. Laboratory and field studies on reducing the incubation time of cysts and early release into the brine of lakes are presented. The influence of brine salinity of lakes on the results of early release of nauplius and non-hatched cysts is shown. The technology of reducing the incubation period of cysts can be used in subtropical and tropical climate

The Effects of Artemia Cyst Harvesting on the Salt Lake Ecosystem

В России основные запасы цист артемии и их промысел сосредоточены в Западной Сибири, где, согласно многолетней статистике, в среднем ежегодно добывается около 1100 т цист, из них в Курганской области – 180 т, на оз. Медвежье – 140 т (около 2 % от мирового промысла). Целью этого исследования было определить степень влияния промысла цист артемии на экосистему гипергалинного водоема на примере наиболее изученного оз. Медвежье. В статье проанализированы главные трофические компоненты гипергалинной экосистемы: фитопланктон, зоопланктон и зообентос. Соленость рапы озера в разные годы составляла 110-320 г/дм3. Фитопланктон в озере функционирует круглый год, характеризуется мелкоклеточностью, низкими показателями биомассы (0,76±0,24 мг/л) и суточной продукции (1,03±0,18 мгО2/л или 0,3±0,05 гС/м2), высокими показателями А/В- и Р/В-коэффициентов. Зоопланктон и зообентос представлены в основном артемией. Биомасса рачков артемии в среднем за 1995-2018 гг. составила 21,9±3,2 мг/л (219 кг/га). За этот период в озере ежегодно формировались запасы цист в среднем в объеме 114,5±14,3 кг/га, вылов составлял 23,7±3,0 кг/га (21 % от запасов). В целом по озеру годовая продукция главных компонент экосистемы фитопланктон – рачки артемии – цисты артемии находилась в следующем соотношении – 8390:2678:115 кг/га·год (75:24:1 %). Изъятие цист из озера в количестве 23,7 кг/га (0,22 % от продукции всех компонентов), ничтожно мало по сравнению с остальными составляющими биоценоза. Остаточная после промысла плотность цист, необходимая для воспроизводства популяции артемии на следующий сезон в период 1-й генерации, составляет 10 кг/га. Усредненные данные показывают, что в биоценозе оз. Медвежье после промысла остается 91 кг/га цист, т.е. в 9 раз больше указанной плотности. Данные, представленные в статье, свидетельствуют об отсутствии какого-либо значимого влияния на экосистему гипергалинного озера существующего на данный момент уровня промысла цистIn Russia, the main stocks of Artemia cysts and cyst harvesting activities are concentrated in Western Siberia. About 1,100 tons of cysts are harvested annually, including 180 tons in the Kurgan Region and 140 tons from Medvezhye Lake (about 2 % of their world harvest). The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of influence of Artemia cyst harvesting on the ecosystem of a salt lake in a case study of Medvezhye Lake. The main trophic components of the ecosystem – phytoplankton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos – were analyzed. The salinity of the brine of Medvezhye Lake varied between 110 and 320 g/dm3 in different years. Phytoplankton in the lake function throughout the year. They are characterized by small cell sizes, low biomass (0.76±0.24 mg/L) and daily production (1.03±0.18 mgO2/L or 0.3±0.05 gC/m2), and high levels of A/B and P/B coefficients. Zooplankton and zoobenthos are represented mainly by Artemia. The biomass of Artemia shrimp reached 21.9±3.2 mg/L (219 kg/ha) on average during 1995-2018. During this period, the stock of cysts formed annually in the lake was 114.5±14.3 kg/ha; the harvest was 23.7±3.0 kg/ha (21 % of the stock). The main components of the ecosystem – phytoplankton – Artemia shrimp – Artemia cysts – were produced annually in the following proportions: 8390:2678:115 kg/ha·year (75:24:1 %). The removal of 23.7 kg/ha of the cysts (0.22 % of the production of all components) from the lake is negligible compared to the other components of the ecosystem. The residual density of cysts after harvesting, which is necessary for the reproduction of the Artemia population for the next season during the 1st generation, is 10 kg/ha. Averaged data indicate that the amount of Artemia cysts left in the ecosystem of Medvezhye Lake after cyst harvesting is 91 kg/ha, i.e. 9 times greater than the minimum required density. The results reported in the present study indicate that the current level of cyst harvesting cannot have any significant impact on the ecosystem of the hypersaline lak