Harmonizing Output Imbalance for semantic segmentation on extremely-imbalanced input data

Semantic segmentation is a high level computer vision task that assigns a label for each pixel of an image. It is challenging to deal with extremely-imbalanced data in which the ratio of target pixels to background pixels is lower than 1:1000. Such severe input imbalance leads to output imbalance for poor model training. This paper considers three issues for extremely-imbalanced data: inspired by the region-based Dice loss, an implicit measure for the output imbalance is proposed, and an adaptive algorithm is designed for guiding the output imbalance hyperparameter selection; then it is generalized to distribution-based loss for dealing with output imbalance; and finally a compound loss with our adaptive hyperparameter selection algorithm can keep the consistency of training and inference for harmonizing the output imbalance. With four popular deep architectures on our private dataset from three different input imbalance scales and three public datasets, extensive experiments demonstrate the competitive/promising performance of the proposed method.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 2 appendixe

The Method of Subsuper Solutions for Weighted p(r)-Laplacian Equation Boundary Value Problems

This paper investigates the existence of solutions for weighted p(r)-Laplacian ordinary boundary value problems. Our method is based on Leray-Schauder degree. As an application, we give the existence of weak solutions for p(x)-Laplacian partial differential equations

The Method of Subsuper Solutions for Weighted <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2008-621621-i1.gif"/></inline-formula>-Laplacian Equation Boundary Value Problems

Abstract This paper investigates the existence of solutions for weighted -Laplacian ordinary boundary value problems. Our method is based on Leray-Schauder degree. As an application, we give the existence of weak solutions for -Laplacian partial differential equations.</p

Existence of Solutions for a Class of Weighted <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2008-791762-i1.gif"/></inline-formula>-Laplacian System Multipoint Boundary Value Problems

<p>Abstract</p> <p>This paper investigates the existence of solutions for weighted <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2008-791762-i2.gif"/></inline-formula>-Laplacian system multipoint boundary value problems. When the nonlinearity term <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2008-791762-i3.gif"/></inline-formula> satisfies sub-<inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2008-791762-i4.gif"/></inline-formula><inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2008-791762-i5.gif"/></inline-formula> growth condition or general growth condition, we give the existence of solutions via Leray-Schauder degree.</p

Existence of Solutions for a Class of Weighted p t -Laplacian System Multipoint Boundary Value Problems

This paper investigates the existence of solutions for weighted p t -Laplacian system multipoint boundary value problems. When the nonlinearity term f t, ·, · satisfies sub-p − −1 growth condition or general growth condition, we give the existence of solutions via Leray-Schauder degree

Existence of Solutions for a Class of Weighted -Laplacian System Multipoint Boundary Value Problems

This paper investigates the existence of solutions for weighted p(t)-Laplacian system multipoint boundary value problems. When the nonlinearity term f(t,⋅,⋅) satisfies sub-p−−1 growth condition or general growth condition, we give the existence of solutions via Leray-Schauder degree

Beijing : industrial agglomeration, policy promotion and innovative development

In 2007, based on the steady progress in development in creative industries in 2006, Beijing, as a city, has shown further development in creative industries overall with more constructive policies in place, healthy growth in creative industry clusters and general supportive environment towards creative industries development in the city

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane modified with TiO2-C hybrid aerogels

TiO2-C hybrid aerogels containing submicrometer anatase and carbon nanoparticles were prepared with TiCl4 and resorcinol-furfural. A modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was prepared through phase inversion after dispersing the TiO2-C hybrid aerogel into a PVDF solution. The surface features, structure, and hydrophilicity of the membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and pure water flux. The mechanical strength of this membrane was also determined. The photocatalytic performance of the modified membrane was investigated using reactive brilliant red (X-3B) as a representative contaminant. Characterization results indicated that the TiO2-C hybrid aerogels were distributed evenly in the PVDF membrane, showing enhanced hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and pure water flux. Furthermore, the photodegradation rate of X-3B through the modified membrane was significantly high owing to the photocatalytic action of the TiO2-C hybrid aerogels distributed in the modified membrane