What Words Do We Use to Lie?: Word Choice in Deceptive Messages

Text messaging is the most widely used form of computer- mediated communication (CMC). Previous findings have shown that linguistic factors can reliably indicate messages as deceptive. For example, users take longer and use more words to craft deceptive messages than they do truthful messages. Existing research has also examined how factors, such as student status and gender, affect rates of deception and word choice in deceptive messages. However, this research has been limited by small sample sizes and has returned contradicting findings. This paper aims to address these issues by using a dataset of text messages collected from a large and varied set of participants using an Android messaging application. The results of this paper show significant differences in word choice and frequency of deceptive messages between male and female participants, as well as between students and non-students

Sex differences in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents and humans

The rat is one of the most commonly used animals in pre-clinical studies, however, there is a lack of knowledge on the potential sex differences in rat gastrointestinal (GI) tract physiology. Consequently, key sex differences towards the translation into humans in the drug development process may be obscured. This research project aimed to uncover potential sex differences in male and female rats by the characterisation of GI tract physiology. The evaluation of luminal fluids (pH, buffer capacity, osmolality and surface tension) and the membrane efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were conducted in two species of rats, namely the Wistar rat and the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. P-gp expression was also characterised in male and female human intestinal tissue to assess its correlation against rats. No distinct sex differences were observed in the characterisation of luminal fluids in Wistar and SD rats. With respect to P-gp, however, male Wistar rats expressed a statistically higher (p < 0.05) level in the jejunum and ileum when compared to female Wistar rats. The involvement of food and the factor of time were also evaluated in subsequent investigations. In the fed-state, P-gp expression decreased in the male small intestinal segments of Wistar rats. In females, however, the reverse was observed where P-gp expression significantly increased when compared to the fasted-state which returned back to control levels after 4 hours. No sex differences in intestinal P-gp expression were found in the SD rat model. Ex vivo studies using ganciclovir (a P-gp substrate) showed significant sex-dependent effects on intestinal permeation albeit specific to only Wistar rats. In addition, unlike SD rats, the intestinal expression of P-gp in Wistar rats highly correlated to that in humans. Jejunal and ileal P-gp expression in human male subjects were statistically higher (p < 0.05) than human female subjects which was similarly identified in Wistar rats. This project is the first to report a distinct sex difference in P-gp expression in Wistar rats and humans. As such, the appropriate animal model should be considered during pre-clinical drug development, especially for the oral administration of P-gp substrates. This research project also highlights that the rat is not just a rat; distinct strain differences should be considered and specifically chosen for the optimisation of pre-clinical studies, and ease of translation into human subjects

Multi-agent based hierarchical hybrid control for smart microgrid

This paper studies the smart control issue for an autonomous microgrid in order to maintain the secure voltages as well as maximize economic and environmental benefits. A control scheme called as multi-agent based hierarchical hybrid control is proposed

Development of Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO): Ontology-based Tools for Representation and Integration of Event-related Brain Potentials

We describe a first-generation ontology for&#xd;&#xa;representation and integration of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The ontology is designed following OBO &#x201c;best practices&#x201d; and is augmented with tools to perform ontology-based labeling and annotation of ERP data, and a database that enables semantically based reasoning over these data. Because certain high-level concepts in the ERP domain are illdefined, we have developed methods to support coordinated updates to each of these three components. This approach consists of &#x201c;top-down&#x201d; (knowledge-driven) design and implementation, followed by &#x201c;bottom-up&#x201d; (data-driven) validation and refinement. Our goal is to build an ERP ontology that is logically valid, empirically sound, robust in application, and transparent to users. This ontology will be used to support sharing and meta-analysis of EEG and MEG data collected within our Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO) project

Very fast formation of superconducting MgB2/Fe wires with high Jc

In this paper we have investigated the effects of sintering time and temperature on the formation and critical current densities of Fe-clad MgB2 wires. MgB2 wires were fabricated using the powder-in-tube process and sintered for different periods of time at predetermined temperatures. All the samples were examined using XRD, SEM and magnetisation measurements. In contrast to the common practice of sintering for several hours, the present results show that there is no need for prolonged heat treatment in the fabrication of Fe-clad MgB2 wires. A total time in the furnace of several minutes is more than enough to form nearly pure MgB2 with high performance characteristics. The results from Tc, Jc and Hirr show convincingly that the samples which were sintered for 3 minutes above 800 oC are as good as those sintered for longer times. In fact, the Jc field performance for the most rapidly sintered sample is slightly better than for all other samples. Jc of 4.5 times 10 ^5 A/cm2 in zero field and above 10 ^5 A/cm2 in 2T at 15 K has been achieved for the best Fe-clad MgB2 wires. As a result of such a short sintering there is no need for using high purity argon protection and it is possible to carry out the heat treatment in a much less protective atmosphere or in air. These findings substantially simplify the fabrication process, making it possible to have a continuous process for fabrication and reducing the costs for large-scale production of MgB2 wires.Comment: 15 pages, one table, 9 figures, submitted to Physica C on June 8, 200