Hyperspectral band selection using crossover based gravitational search algorithm

Band selection is an important data dimensionality reduction tool in hyperspectral images (HSIs). To identify the most informative subset band from the hundreds of highly corrected bands in HSIs, a novel hyperspectral band selection method using a crossover based gravitational search algorithm (CGSA) is presented in this paper. In this method, the discriminative capability of each band subset is evaluated by a combined optimization criterion, which is constructed based on the overall classification accuracy and the size of the band subset. As the evolution of the criterion, the subset is updated using the V-shaped transfer function based CGSA. Ultimately, the band subset with the best fitness value is selected. Experiments on two public hyperspectral datasets, i.e. the Indian Pines dataset and the Pavia University dataset, have been conducted to test the performance of the proposed method. Comparing experimental results against the basic GSA and the PSOGSA (hybrid PSO and GSA) revealed that all of the three GSA variants can considerably reduce the band dimensionality of HSIs without damaging their classification accuracy. Moreover, the CGSA shows superiority on both the effectiveness and efficiency compared to the other two GSA variants

Restoration of Critical-Sized Defects in the Rabbit Mandible Using Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Hybridized with Nano- β

Nano-β-tricalcium phosphate/collagen (n-β-TCP/Col) is considered with good osteoconductivity. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of n-β-TCP/Col scaffolds in combination with autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) remains to be elucidated for the repair of critical-sized bone defects. In this study, we found that n-β-TCP/Col scaffolds exhibited high biocompatibility in vitro. The introduction of BMSCs expanded in vitro to the scaffolds dramatically enhanced their efficiency to restore critical-sized bone defects, especially during the initial stage after implantation. Collectively, these results suggest that autologous BMSCs in n-β-TCP/Col scaffolds have the potential to be applied in bone tissue engineering

The study on the attitudes of people with different ages towards transgenic food

With the rapid development of contemporary society, increasing number of people begin to pay attention to whether the food they eat are healthy enough. Under such considerable population, the traditional method of growing crops becomes inadequate to meet the needs of the population. As a consequence, scientists invent a new way to grow food called genetic modification. This paper is to investigate the attitudes of people with different ages to GM foods. In order to reach that goal, it conducts a questionnaire survey in Tianjin, China. Serving as the results, the data gathered show that a large part of population older than 40 have a skeptical attitude toward transgenic food and, on the contrary, most of the people younger than 40 hold an optimistic attitude toward the future of transgenic food. In conclusion, the development of GM foods are promising in this city

Atmospheric pollen concentrations and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients visits in Beijing: time series analysis using a generalized additive model

Abstract To investigate the correlation between the daily visits of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in hospital clinic and pollen concentrations in Beijing. We collected daily visits of COPD patients of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from April 1st, 2019 to September 30th, 2019. The relationship between pollen concentrations and COPD patient number was analyzed with meteorological factors, time trend, day of the week effect and holiday effect being controlled by the generalized additive model of time series analysis. R4.1.2 software was applied to generate Spearman correlation coefficient, specific and incremental cumulative effect curves of relative risks as well as the response and three-dimensional diagrams for the exposure lag effect prediction. The fitting models were used to predict the lag relative risk and 95% confidence intervals for specific and incremental cumulative effects of specific pollen concentrations. The number of COPD patients was positively correlated with pollen concentration. When pollen concentration increased by 10 grains/1000 mm2, the peak value of the specific cumulative effect appeared on day0, with the effect gone on day4 and a lag time of 4 days observed, whereas the incremental cumulative effect’s peak value was shown on day17, and the effect disappeared on day18, with a lag time of 18 days. The results showed that pollen concentration was not only positively correlated with the number of COPD patients, but also had a bimodal lag effect on COPD visits in the hospital at Beijing

Recent Development of Copper-Based Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications

Copper (Cu), an indispensable trace element within the human body, serving as an intrinsic constituent of numerous natural enzymes, carrying out vital biological functions. Furthermore, nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme-mimicking properties, commonly known as nanozymes, possess distinct advantages over their natural enzyme counterparts, including cost-effectiveness, enhanced stability, and adjustable performance. These advantageous attributes have captivated the attention of researchers, inspiring them to devise various Cu-based nanomaterials, such as copper oxide, Cu metal-organic framework, and CuS, and explore their potential in enzymatic catalysis. This comprehensive review encapsulates the most recent advancements in Cu-based nanozymes, illuminating their applications in the realm of biochemistry. Initially, it is delved into the emulation of typical enzyme types achieved by Cu-based nanomaterials. Subsequently, the latest breakthroughs concerning Cu-based nanozymes in biochemical sensing, bacterial inhibition, cancer therapy, and neurodegenerative diseases treatment is discussed. Within this segment, it is also explored the modulation of Cu-based nanozyme activity. Finally, a visionary outlook for the future development of Cu-based nanozymes is presented

Nanozymes regulated by nitrogen element: Mechanism, design, and application

Nanozymes, a category of nanomaterials endowed with enzyme-mimicking capabilities, have exhibited considerable potential across diverse application domains. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of regulating nanozymes through N elements, elucidating the mechanisms governing N element control in the design and application of these nanomaterials. The initial sections introduce the foundational background and significance of nanozymes. Subsequent exploration delves into the detailed discussion of N element regulation mechanisms on nanozymes, encompassing N vacancies, N doping, N coordination, and nitride. These regulatory pathways play an instrumental role in fine-tuning the catalytic activity and specificity of nanozymes. The review further scrutinizes practical applications of N element regulation on nanozymes, spanning sensing detection, infection therapy, tumor therapy, and pollutant degradation. In conclusion, it succinctly summarizes the current research findings and proposes future directions for development. This thorough investigation into the regulation of nanozymes by N elements anticipates precise control over their performance, thereby advancing the extensive utilization of nanozymes in the realms of biomedical and environmental applications

Axial biometry of the entire eye using ultra-long scan depth optical coherence tomography

To assess the repeatability of axial biometry of the entire eye using ultra-long scan depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to investigate the agreement with IOLMaster measurements (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Prospective, observational case series. There were 37 adult subjects enrolled in group 1 and 12 adult subjects enrolled in group 2. Using ultra-long scan depth OCT, the left eyes of these groups were measured in 2 separate sessions. The images were processed by a manual method and custom-developed automatic software. A model eye was imaged for verification. The subjects in group 2 were imaged using ultra-long scan depth OCT and using the IOLMaster for axial length measurement comparison. All measured parameters of the model eye matched the geometric parameters. In group 1, there were no significant differences in all measured parameters using automatic and manual segmentation methods (P > .05, paired t test). The percentage of coefficient of repeatability of segments ranged from 0.3% to 3.9%. The corresponding interclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.946 to 0.999. The correlation between the results using automatic and manual segmentation methods appeared to be strong (R(2) = 0.999; P < .05). In group 2, the axial length of the eye measured by the IOLMaster matched the results obtained by ultra-long scan depth OCT with the automatic method (R1(2) = 0.987; P < .05) and the manual method (R2(2) = 0.988; P < .05). Automatic axial biometry using ultra-long scan depth OCT successfully measured each segment of the entire eye with good repeatability. With further development of automatic segmentation, ultra-long scan depth OCT seems to be a promising tool in the axial biometry of the entire eye

A 10-m resolution impervious surface area map for the greater Mekong subregion from remote sensing images

Abstract High-resolution and multi-temporal impervious surface area maps are crucial for capturing rapidly developing urbanization patterns. However, the currently available relevant maps for the greater Mekong subregion suffer from coarse resolution and low accuracy. Addressing this issue, our study focuses on the development of accurate impervious surface area maps at 10-m resolution for this region for the period 2016–2022. To accomplish this, we present a new machine-learning framework implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform that merges Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar images and Sentinel-2 Multispectral images to extract impervious surfaces. Furthermore, we also introduce a training sample migration strategy that eliminates the collection of additional training samples and automates multi-temporal impervious surface area mapping. Finally, we perform a quantitative assessment with validation samples interpreted from Google Earth. Results show that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the final impervious surface area maps range from 92.75% to 92.93% and 0.854 to 0.857, respectively. This dataset provides comprehensive measurements of impervious surface coverage and configuration that will help to inform urban studies

Whole Eye Axial Biometry During Accommodation Using Ultra-long Scan Depth Optical Coherence Tomography

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je razvoj web aplikacije u Spring Bootu koji pojednostavljuje korištenje razvojnog okvira Springa. U teorijskom dijelu su obrađene najvažnije značajke okruženja (inverzija kontrole, rad s bazom podataka, sigurnost u Springu, internacionalizacija i dr.), dok je u praktičnom dijelu razvijena aplikacija s navedenim značajkama. S obzirom na to da je Spring Boot baziran na Javi, u teorijskom dijelu je taj najpopularniji programski jezik često spominjan, a podrazumijeva se da je i praktični dio prožet njime. Aplikacija je namijenjena korisnicima koji preko nje mogu pratiti svoj osobni napredak u sportskom klađenju kako bi lakše uvidjeli svoje pogreške i kasnije ih ispravili. Važan dio aplikacije su i statističke analize koje vizualno potpomažu korisnikovom napretku