To what extent can control policies influence the epidemic spreading? -- A data-driven analysis based on the first wave of COVID-19

On May 5th, 2023, WHO declared an end to the global COVID-19 public health emergency, which means a significant transition from global critical emergency response activities to long-term sustained COVID-19 prevention and control. At this very moment, we make a comprehensive review on various control policies taken by 127 countries/territories during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic until July 2nd, 2020, and evaluate their impacts on the epidemic dynamics in a quantitative way through both linear and nonlinear regressions. Through our analyses, the intrinsic correlations between the strength of control policies and the dynamical characteristics of COVID-19 epidemics are revealed not only for every country/territory under consideration, but also in a global view. Our results may help to design more economical and more effective preventive measures during the long-term fight against COVID-19 in the future.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Optimization strategy of community planning for environmental health and public health in smart city under multi-objectives

As population density increases, environmental hygiene and public health become increasingly severe. As the space where residents stay for the longest time and have the most profound impact on their physical and mental health, the quality of the environment in urban communities largely determines the degree to which residents engage in physical activity, bear the risk of pollution exposure, and obtain healthy food. Therefore, in order to ensure the physical and mental health of residents, this study proposes community planning guided by environmental hygiene and public health, and establishes an environmental health assessment system for this purpose. This system evaluates the community environment from four aspects: land use, service facilities, site convenience, and environmental quality. Established the diversity, density, road network connectivity and facilities accessibility nine criteria, as well as the land function of mix, plot ratio, food environment, network ring α and connected β index, pavement risk level, green configuration and neighborhood material environment disorder degree of 27 indicators of community built environmental evaluation index system. The data is collected through field survey, questionnaire distribution, resident interview and data mapping, and the established evaluation index system is used to evaluate the construction environment of the community. The experimental research data included population data, CAD plan, land use data, street data, POI point data, building data and bus station data, etc. 273 questionnaires were distributed, 264 were recovered, 8 invalid questionnaires were removed, and 256 valid questionnaires were obtained. These experiments confirm that land use, service facilities, site convenience, and environmental quality have a significant impact on the built environment of communities, with impact weights of 0.513, 0.227, 0.135, and 0.125, respectively. The above weights are calculated based on the index judgment matrix and the eigenvectors. The scores of land use, service facilities, site convenience, and environmental quality for the study subjects were 3.44, 1.46, 0.94, and 0.51, respectively, among them, the land use score is less than 3.85, the 1 service facility score is less than 1.71, the site convenience score is less than 1.01, and the environmental quality score is less than 0.94; indicating that the community has serious problems such as single land use types, pollution exposure, and difficulty in obtaining healthy food. Therefore, community planning and transformation based on land use, service facilities, venue convenience, and environmental quality can effectively improve the physical and mental health of residents. In the specific community transformation plan, artificial intelligence and data-driven methods can be used to optimize the land use plan, service facility configuration, site convenience transformation and environmental quality improvement, so as to formulate the optimal community transformation plan and improve the comfort and happiness of community residents. In the future, on the basis of the existing research, the selection of community types will be further enriched and the research cases will be expanded. And through the in-depth practical study of the case, the constructed evaluation index system is optimized and improved to make it more scientific. At the same time, as urban renewal and design have entered the era of stock planning, based on the more perfect evaluation index system, more specific and detailed system discussion of the built communities with public health problems, in order to provide more detailed services for the construction of a better and healthy living environment in the future

Large-Scale Preparation of Low-Cost Nonfullerene Acceptors for Stable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Despite the development of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) that have made a breakthrough in the photovoltaic performance, large-scale preparation of NFAs that is prerequisite for commercial application has never been explored. Herein, we designed two dodecacyclic all-fused-ring electron acceptors, F11 and F13, and develop a whole set of synthetic procedures, achieving unprecedented scalable preparation of NFAs in the lab at a 10-g scale notably within one day. The single-crystal structures of F11 reveals the 3D network packing. F11 and F13 display the lowest costs among reported NFAs, even comparable with the classical donor material, P3HT. By matching a medium-bandgap polymer donor, F13 delivers power conversion efficiencies of over 13%, which is an efficiency record for non-INCN acceptors. Benefiting from the intrinsically high stability, OSCs based on F11 and F13 show device stability superior to the typical ITIC- and Y6-based OSCs as evidenced by the tiny burn-in losses. The current work presents a first example for large-scale preparation of low-cost NFAs with good efficiency and high device stability, which is significant for OSC commercialization in near future

Managing production systems with machine learning: a case analysis of Suzhou GCL photovoltaic technology

Production control in the manufacturing industry involves complex circumstances and high demand for timeliness. Unlike traditional production control methods, the approach that integrates machine learning and industrial big data can enable manufacturing industries to dynamically adapt to the changing environment and respond in a timely manner to market changes due to production optimisation and improve economic benefits. In order to explore the relationship between production system optimisation and lean strategic planning based on machine learning and big data, the paper conducts an exploratory case analysis based on Suzhou GCL Photovoltaic Technology, a successful company in the photovoltaic industry in China. We sort and investigate the first-hand interview data and second-hand news and video data, and then use the qualitative research method. Based on the analysis and observation, we find that machine learning has a positive impact on quality management. Data, information, knowledge, intelligence collectively impact the performance of intelligence production systems. Our research provides valuable insights for practitioners to effectively accelerate the transformation to intelligent manufacturing

Neutrophils in traumatic brain injury (TBI): friend or foe?

Abstract Our knowledge of the pathophysiology about traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still limited. Neutrophils, as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first-line transmigrated immune cells at the sites of injury, are highly involved in the initiation, development, and recovery of TBI. Nonetheless, our understanding about neutrophils in TBI is obsolete, and mounting evidences from recent studies have challenged the conventional views. This review summarizes what is known about the relationships between neutrophils and pathophysiology of TBI. In addition, discussions are made on the complex roles as well as the controversial views of neutrophils in TBI