A Non-Mainstream Viewpoint on Apparent Superluminal Phenomena in AGN Jet

The group velocity of light in material around the AGN jet is acquiescently one (c as a unit), but this is only a hypothesis. Here, we re-derive apparent superluminal and Doppler formulas for the general case (it is assumed that the group velocity of light in the uniform and isotropic medium around a jet (a beaming model) is not necessarily equal to one, e.g., Araudo et al. (2010) thought that there may be dense clouds around AGN jet base), and show that the group velocity of light close to one could seriously affect apparent superluminal phenomena and Doppler effect in the AGN jet (when the viewing angle and Lorentz factor take some appropriate values).Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, new version accepted for publication in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronom

International Demonstration Effect and Domestic Division of Labour: A Simple Model

The implications of the international demonstration effect (IDE) for the development of underdeveloped economies have long been studied and debated. Yet few formal analyses exist in the literature, especially regarding its implications for the growth of domestic markets and the division of labour in developing economies. We offer an analysis of endogenous specialization under IDE, the first of its kind, showing that, far more complicated than the scenario held by conventional wisdom, IDE makes more difficult the emergence of the market underpinning the domestic division of labour, but facilitates the expansion of the market once the market has been developed.External habit formation; specialization and division of labour; international demonstration effect; economic development; emergence and extent of the market.

An asymmetrical synchrotron model for knots in the 3C 273 jet

To interpret the emission of knots in the 3C 273 jet from radio to X-rays, we propose a synchrotron model in which, owing to the shock compression effect, the injection spectra from a shock into the upstream and downstream emission regions are asymmetric. Our model could well explain the spectral energy distributions of knots in the 3C 273 jet, and predictions regarding the knots spectra could be tested by future observations.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, new version accepted for publication in Ap