Outsiders in Town: Mobility, Inequality, Integration, and Exclusion in the Roman West

Scholarship on the scale, motivations and impact of local, regional, and long-distance mobility in the Roman World has increased significantly in the past decade. There has been a general tendency in the existing scholarship to lean towards a positive assessment of the interaction between the non-locals and the locals. This paper, however, wishes to zoom in on the issue of exclusion at the local level to contribute to the larger topic of mobility and inequality in the Roman World. The paper proposes to cover the following interconnected questions: What are the methodological challenges of studying exclusion? What kind of resistance might an immigrant or a resident alien encounter in his/her new place of residence? How might the immigrants/resident aliens\u27 experiences have been unequalized by diverse factors including ethnicity, gender, economic and social status, and so on? To what extent were the various forms of integration in fact triggered by or responding to mechanisms of exclusion

Grain Boundary Segregation in Nanocrystructured Metallic Materials

The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the effects of grain boundary segregation on microstructural evolution in nanostructured metallic materials as well as on their mechanical properties. Several key topics will be covered. First, a brief explanation of mechanical stress-driven grain growth in nanostructured Al, Ni, and Cu thin films will be provided in terms of a deformation mechanism map. It will become clear that the excess energy of grain boundaries enable the nanostructured metals to suffer from significant microstructure evolution via dislocation-boundary interactions during plastic deformation even at room temperature. Manipulation of grain boundary structures/properties via dopants segregation at grain boundaries to inhibit grain coalescence associated with remarkably enhanced mechanical properties is then discussed in three representative binary Cu-based systems, i.e., Cu-Zr, Cu-Al, and Cu-W. This is finally followed by a summary of this chapter

Preparation and Synergy of Supported Ru0 and Pd0 for Rapid Chlorate Reduction at pH 7

Chlorate (ClO3–) is a common water pollutant due to its gigantic scale of production, wide applications in agriculture and industry, and formation as a toxic byproduct in various water treatment processes. This work reports on the facile preparation, mechanistic elucidation, and kinetic evaluation of a bimetallic catalyst for highly active ClO3– reduction into Cl–. Under 1 atm H2 and 20 °C, PdII and RuIII were sequentially adsorbed and reduced on a powdered activated carbon support, affording Ru0–Pd0/C from scratch within only 20 min. The Pd0 particles significantly accelerated the reductive immobilization of RuIII as \u3e55% dispersed Ru0 outside Pd0. At pH 7, Ru–Pd/C shows a substantially higher activity of ClO3– reduction (initial turnover frequency \u3e13.9 min–1 on Ru0; rate constant at 4050 L h–1 gmetal–1) than reported catalysts (e.g., Rh/C, Ir/C, Mo–Pd/C) and the monometallic Ru/C. In particular, Ru–Pd/C accomplished the reduction of concentrated 100 mM ClO3– (turnover number \u3e 11,970), whereas Ru/C was quickly deactivated. In the bimetallic synergy, Ru0 rapidly reduces ClO3– while Pd0 scavenges the Ru-passivating ClO2– and restores Ru0. This work demonstrates a simple and effective design for heterogeneous catalysts tailored for emerging water treatment needs

Norm effects on eating behaviour: the role of social identity

The main theme of the thesis was to examine the relationship between social influences and adults’ eating behaviour, in particular how social identity affects the norm influence on eating behaviour. Chapter One describes the general background and evaluates the research literature. Chapter Two reports the results of a longitudinal investigation of the relationship between perceived eating norms and self-reported food consumption among a student population. Chapter Three presents a pair of online studies that tested whether social norms predict eating and whether there is an interaction between norm effects and social identity in both a community and student population. Chapter Four presents the results of two laboratory-based experiments that examined the moderating effect of social identity on the relationship between social norm messaging and healthy /unhealthy food consumption using a remote-confederate design. Chapter Five reports the results of a laboratory study that examined the effect of manipulating social identity on social norm enhancement of eating behaviour. Chapter Six reviews all findings, reflects on the importance of completed work, and concludes that social influences on eating are robust and social identity plays a moderating role. The findings have implications for the development of norm-identity based interventions in promoting healthier dietary habits