18,769 research outputs found
Analytical description of high-aperture STED resolution with 0-2 vortex phase modulation
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) can achieve optical super-resolution,
with the optical diffraction limit broken by the suppression on the periphery
of the fluorescent focal spot. Previously, it is generally experimentally
accepted that there exists an inverse square root relationship with the STED
power and the resolution, yet without strict analytical description. In this
paper, we have analytically verified the relationship between the STED power
and the achievable resolution from vector optical theory for the widely used
0-2 vortex phase modulation. Electromagnetic fields of the focal region of
a high numerical aperture objective are calculated and approximated into
polynomials, and analytical expression of resolution as a function of the STED
intensity has been derived. As a result, the resolution can be estimated
directly from the measurement of the saturation power of the dye and the STED
power applied.Comment: (19 pages
Complex electronic states in double layered ruthenates (Sr1-xCax)3Ru2O7
The magnetic ground state of (SrCa)RuO (0 1) is complex, ranging from an itinerant metamagnetic state (0
0.08), to an unusual heavy-mass, nearly ferromagnetic (FM) state (0.08
0.4), and finally to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state (0.4 1). In
this report we elucidate the electronic properties for these magnetic states,
and show that the electronic and magnetic properties are strongly coupled in
this system. The electronic ground state evolves from an AFM
quasi-two-dimensional metal for 1.0, to an Anderson localized state for
(the AFM region). When the magnetic state undergoes a
transition from the AFM to the nearly FM state, the electronic ground state
switches to a weakly localized state induced by magnetic scattering for , and then to a magnetic metallic state with the in-plane
resistivity ( 2) for .
The system eventually transforms into a Fermi liquid ground state when the
magnetic ground state enters the itinerant metamagnetic state for .
When approaches the critical composition ( 0.08), the Fermi liquid
temperature is suppressed to zero Kelvin, and non-Fermi liquid behavior is
observed. These results demonstrate the strong interplay between charge and
spin degrees of freedom in the double layered ruthenates.Comment: 10 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.
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