First R and I Lights and Their Photometric Analyses of GSC 02393-00680

We obtained complete $R$ and $I$ light curves of GSC 02393-00680 in 2008 and analyzed them with the 2003 version of the W-D code. It is shown that GSC 02393-00680 is a W-type shallow contact binary system with a high mass ratio $q=1.600$ and a degree of contact factor $f=5.0$. It will be a good example to check up on the TRO theory. A period investigation based on all available data suggests that the system has a small-amplitude period oscillation ($A_3=0.^{d}0030$; $T_3=1.92$years). This may indicate it has a moderate mass close third body, which is similar to XY Leo

Interplay between Quantum Size Effect and Strain Effect on Growth of Nanoscale Metal Thin Film

We develop a theoretical framework to investigate the interplay between quantum size effect (QSE) and strain effect on the stability of metal nanofilms. The QSE and strain effect are shown to be coupled through the concept of "quantum electronic stress. First-principles calculations reveal large quantum oscillations in the surface stress of metal nanofilms as a function of film thickness. This adds extrinsically additional strain-coupled quantum oscillations to surface energy of strained metal nanofilms. Our theory enables a quantitative estimation of the amount of strain in experimental samples, and suggests strain be an important factor contributing to the discrepancies between the existing theories and experiments

Development and Strategies of E-commerce Patents

Internet and information technologies break the transaction barriers, and the permission of the patentable subject matter for business methods and software acts as the moving power for enterprises entering into the knowledge competition age. Computer software can be a patentable subject matter is the inevitable consequence of the development of technology and law, while the patentability of business methods reflects that the advantages of industry competitiveness have shifted from labor to knowledge and innovation. This study analyzes the quantity and trends of e-commerce related patents, and clarify the concepts of patentable subject matter regarding business methods. Since United States is the leading country in the e-commerce and the patent system, decisions and patent statistics of United States are considered as the references in this study. In addition, a set of innovation and patent strategies for enterprises is also proposed to deal with the patent barriers established by technology leaders