Inheritance of resistance to specific races of crown and stem rust, to Helminthosporium blight, and of certain agronomic characters of oats

Observed segregation for reaction to stem rust in several oat crosses was on a monohybrid basis except in the cross Sac x Hajira-Joanette where segregation was observed to be on a three-factor basis. A mesothetic type of reaction to the composite of races 2 and 8 was observed in seedling plants classified as susceptible in two crosses, Mindo x Tama and Sac x Hajira-Joanette. Since no segregation was observed for reaction to race 2 in either of the two crosses, one factor pair for resistance to race 8 must be allelic to the one governing resistance to race 2 possessed by Tama and Hajira x Joanette. Segregation for reaction to races 1 and 45 of crown rust was on a monogenic, digenic or trigenic basis in different crosses investigated. Five different factors for resistance to crown rust were identified in this study: A and B, complementary dominant factors which give the Bond type (type 0) of resistance of race 1; L, a simple dominant which gives the Landhafer type of resistance (type 0-1) to races 1 and 45; S, a simple dominant from Santa Fe which governs resistance (type 0) to races 1 and 45; and V, a simple dominant of the hypersensitive type (type 2) from Victoria which also governs resistance to races 1 and 45. The factor from Santa Fe (S) appears to be of great promise as a source of resistance to the relatively prevalent race 45. Many desirable agronomic progenies possessing resistance to races 1 and 45 from the cross of Santa Fe x Clinton have been selected for further testing. Very few selections have been made from Mindo x Landhafer for testing in F4. The L factor does not appear to be too satisfactory under the conditions of this experiment for resistance in the mature plant stage

Stand up Paddle Surfing-An Aerobic Workout and Balance Training

AbstractOriginating from an ancient Hawaiian tradition Stand Up Paddle Surfing (SUP) is a growing pastime and sports activity in which a person stands upright on a surfboard and propels it using a single paddle. During paddling the board constantly is in an unstable condition forcing paddlers to focus on keeping balance and simultaneously propelling the board by paddling. Therefore it is expected that SUP can be a high impact aerobic workout and balance training. A total of 68 subjects performed on-water and SUP ergometer trials, during ergometer trials heart rate (HR) was permanently measured and balance was assessed before and after all trials (ergometer and on-water) using a single leg hop test on a Win Pod electronic baropedometric platform. Results of the balance tests - though for a relatively small number of participants - showed that after ergometer trials a significant improvement in stability occurred whereas it was only significant for the right foot's anteroposterior movement after on-water trials. The result of the exercise-test illustrated that the HR of beginners stays in the aerobic zone which makes SUP suitable for endurance training

CARBOTRAF: A decision Support system for reducing pollutant emissions by adaptive traffic management

Traffic congestion with frequent “stop & go” situations causes substantial pollutant emissions. Black carbon (BC) is a good indicator of combustion-related air pollution and results in negative health effects. Both BC and CO2 emissions are also known to contribute significantly to global warming. Current traffic control systems are designed to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. The CARBOTRAF system combines real-time monitoring of traffic and air pollution with simulation models for emission and local air quality prediction in order to deliver on-line recommendations for alternative adaptive traffic management. The aim of introducing a CARBOTRAF system is to reduce BC and CO2 emissions and improve air quality by optimizing the traffic flows. The system is implemented and evaluated in two pilot cities, Graz and Glasgow. Model simulations link traffic states to emission and air quality levels. A chain of models combines micro-scale traffic simulations, traffic volumes, emission models and air quality simulations. This process is completed for several ITS scenarios and a range of traffic boundary conditions. The real-time DSS system uses all these model simulations to select optimal traffic and air quality scenarios. Traffic and BC concentrations are simultaneously monitored. In this paper the effects of ITS measures on air quality are analysed with a focus on BC

Air quality impact of a decision support system for reducing pollutant emissions: CARBOTRAF

Traffic congestion with frequent “stop & go” situations causes substantial pollutant emissions. Black carbon (BC) is a good indicator of combustion-related air pollution and results in negative health effects. Both BC and CO2 emissions are also known to contribute significantly to global warming. Current traffic control systems are designed to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. The CARBOTRAF system combines real-time monitoring of traffic and air pollution with simulation models for emission and local air quality prediction in order to deliver on-line recommendations for alternative adaptive traffic management. The aim of introducing a CARBOTRAF system is to reduce BC and CO2 emissions and improve air quality by optimizing the traffic flows. The system is implemented and evaluated in two pilot cities, Graz and Glasgow. Model simulations link traffic states to emission and air quality levels. A chain of models combines micro-scale traffic simulations, traffic volumes, emission models and air quality simulations. This process is completed for several ITS scenarios and a range of traffic boundary conditions. The real-time DSS system uses these off-line model simulations to select optimal traffic and air quality scenarios. Traffic and BC concentrations are simultaneously monitored. In this paper the effects of ITS measures on air quality are analysed with a focus on BC

Reducing environmental impact by adaptive traffic control and management for urban road networks

This paper investigates the effectiveness of traffic signal control and variable message sign (VMS) as environmental traffic management tool. The focus is on black carbon and CO2, which are among the highest contributors to climate change. The modelling tool chain adopted to support this study includes traffic microsimulation, emission modelling and dispersion modelling. A number of scenarios have been simulated with different levels of demand and VMS compliance rates. The results demonstrate the potential of these interventions in reducing black carbon and CO2 emissions and improving air quality, as well as reducing traffic congestion and travel delays

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains reports on five research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(30-1)-3980