Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of two grapevine cultivars in response to bioproducts

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different bioproducts on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots of ‘Solaris’ and ‘Regent’ grapevine cultivars. The following bioproducts were used, alone or with mineral fertilization (NPK): Ausma, Bioilsa, manure and BF Ekomix. The highest mycorrhizal frequency was recorded in the roots of ‘Solaris’ after applying the bioproduct Ausma. For the ‘Regent’ cultivar, the highest mycorrhizal frequency was found in the plants treated with Ausma, BF Ekomix and manure. Colonization of grapevine roots by AM fungi was limited bymineral fertilization. After the combined use of bioproducts and mineral fertilizers, there was observed a tendency for minimized negative effect of mineral fertilization on the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Pożyteczna entomofauna w sadzie ekologicznym z pasami kwiatowymi

A poster about beneficial entomofauna that can live in flower strips in ecological orchards

Possibilities and limitations of weed management in fruit crops of the temperate climate zone

This manuscript contains information on the species composition of weed communities in orchards in Poland and other countries of the temperate climate zone. The manuscript deals with the influence of weeds on crops and the interaction between the weeds and other living organisms. The main methods of weed regulation are described. Characteristics of the particular crops – fruit trees and small fruits – and solutions that are either objects of study or have already been introduced into practice, are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of weed control are discussed, such as soil cultivation and tillage, cover crops, mulches, herbicide use, and flame burning

Evaluation of Yield and Healthiness of Twenty Table Grapevine Cultivars Grown in Central Poland

During the years 2008-2013, 20 table grape cultivars grown in Skierniewice (Central Poland) were assessed. Among the assessed cultivars, two - ‘Chasselas Blanc’ (standard) and ‘Favorit’ belonged to V. vinifera. Eighteen interspecific hybrids - ‘Aron’, ‘Esther’ (‘Eszter’), ‘Fanny’, ‘Flora’, ‘Galanth’, ‘Ganita’, ‘Garant’, ‘Katharina’, ‘Lidi’, ‘Lilla’, ‘Muscat Bleu’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Osella’, ‘Philipp’, ‘Rosetta’, ‘Rosina’, ‘Timur’ and ‘Verdelet’ were bred in various European countries. Vines, grafted on ‘Kober 5 BB’ rootstock, were planted in 2007 and annually covered for winter. Taking into account productivity, quality of fruits, susceptibility to frost damage and fungal diseases, the Swiss ‘Muscat Bleu’ and German ‘Garant’ proved most suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Central Poland. Plants of all cultivars belonging to the group of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to infections caused by fungal pathogens than plants of V. vinifera genotypes. The assessment of frost resistance based on the observation of those parts of bushes, which were not covered, showed high diversification among the interspecific hybrids

EVALUATION OF YIELD AND HEALTHINESS OF TWENTY TABLE GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS GROWN IN CENTRAL POLAND

ABSTRACT During the years [2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] 20 table grape cultivars grown in Skierniewice (Central Poland) were assessed. Among the assessed cultivars, two -'Chasselas Blanc' (standard) and 'Favorit' belonged to V. vinifera. Eighteen interspecific hybrids -'Aron', 'Esther' ('Eszter'), 'Fanny', 'Flora', 'Galanth', 'Ganita', 'Garant', 'Katharina', 'Lidi', 'Lilla', 'Muscat Bleu', 'Nelly', 'Osella', 'Philipp', 'Rosetta', 'Rosina', 'Timur' and 'Verdelet' were bred in various European countries. Vines, grafted on 'Kober 5 BB' rootstock, were planted in 2007 and annually covered for winter. Taking into account productivity, quality of fruits, susceptibility to frost damage and fungal diseases, the Swiss 'Muscat Bleu' and German 'Garant' proved most suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Central Poland. Plants of all cultivars belonging to the group of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to infections caused by fungal pathogens than plants of V. vinifera genotypes. The assessment of frost resistance based on the observation of those parts of bushes, which were not covered, showed high diversification among the interspecific hybrids

Possibilities and limitations of weed management in fruit crops of the temperate climate zone

This manuscript contains information on the species composition of weed communities in orchards in Poland and other countries of the temperate climate zone. The manuscript deals with the influence of weeds on crops and the interaction between the weeds and other living organisms. The main methods of weed regulation are described. Characteristics of the particular crops – fruit trees and small fruits – and solutions that are either objects of study or have already been introduced into practice, are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of weed control are discussed, such as soil cultivation and tillage, cover crops, mulches, herbicide use, and flame burning

PJA14.indd

Abstract. In the years 2008-2011, 18 wine cultivars described as traditional and used for production of wine of recognized quality were assessed in the collection of grapevine in Skierniewice (Central Poland, latitude 51 Taking into account fertility, quality of fruit, susceptibility to frost and fungal diseases, the following cultivars proved most suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Central Poland: Auxerrois, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Riesling and Chasselas Blanc, which is classifi ed as both wine and table cultivar. The assessment of frost resistance, based on observation of those parts of bushes which were not covered, showed that least susceptible to frost damage were plants of the cultivar Riesling, and most susceptible were plants of Mueller-Thurgau, Portugieser, Sauvignon Blanc and Silvaner. To the group of cultivars most susceptible to infections caused by pathogens of fungal origin belonged: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Mueller-Thurgau, Portugieser, Sauvignon Blanc, Silvaner and Tauberschwarz

The Response of Weeds and Apple Trees to Beneficial Soil Microorganisms and Mineral Fertilizers Applied in Orchards

The effect of beneficial soil fungi, bacteria and mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the level and species composition of weed infestation, uptake of macronutrients by weeds and the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) was assessed in three-year studies. In the field experiment, the effect of thirteen treatments was investigated, where fungal or bacterial inocula and mineral fertilizers at a standard dose and a dose reduced by 40% were applied individually or together. The fungal inoculum contained two species: Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum. The bacterial consortium consisted of three Bacillus strains: Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa. The weight of weeds and the uptake of macronutrients by weeds in the apple orchard increased significantly more after the application of mineral fertilization than after the application of beneficial organisms. The increased uptake of macronutrients by weeds did not significantly change the mineral nutritional status of apple trees expressed as the content of N, P, K Mg and Ca in apple leaves. After the use of NPK mineral fertilization, also with the addition of beneficial organisms, the uptake of N by both weeds and apple trees increased. P and K were more efficiently absorbed by weeds and they achieved greater benefits from fertilization with these two macroelements than trees

Biodiversity Of Weed Communities In Organic And Conventional Orchards

The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of segetal and ruderal weeds in young apple and cherry organic orchards, where weeds under tree canopies were controlled mechanically with a rototiller, and in conventional orchards, where post-emergence herbicides were used. The research material consisted of phytosociological relevés recorded according to the Braun-Blanquet method, in three organic and three conventional orchards, situated near Skierniewice (central Poland), in 2010-2013. On the basis of the collected source material, species composition for the synanthropic flora, as well as phytosociological stability, the cover factor, and weed infestation rate for the analysed species were determined. The total number of the recorded weeds and the average number of weed species in a single relevé were for each of the three organic orchards greater than for the conventional orchards. The organic orchard situated in the same location as the conventional orchard was characterized by a greater biodiversity of flora. Systematic shallow cultivation of the soil, without herbicide treatments, resulted in the proliferation of perennial weeds