CNP mediated selective toxicity on melanoma cells is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction.

Cerium (Ce) oxide nanoparticles (CNP; nanoceria) are reported to have cytotoxic effects on certain cancerous cell lines, while at the same concentration they show no cytotoxicity on normal (healthy) cells. Redox-active CNP exhibit both selective prooxidative as well as antioxidative properties. The former is proposed to be responsible for impairment of tumor growth and invasion and the latter for rescuing normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Here we address possible underlying mechanisms of prooxidative effects of CNP in a metastatic human melanoma cell line. Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and once it becomes metastatic the prognosis is very poor. We have shown earlier that CNP selectively kill A375 melanoma cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels, whose basic amount is significantly higher than in the normal (healthy) counterpart, the melanocytes. Here we show that CNP initiate a mitochondrial increase of ROS levels accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial thiol oxidation. Furthermore, we observed CNP-induced changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and cristae morphology demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction which finally led to tumor cell death. CNP-induced cell death is abolished by administration of PEG-conjugated catalase. Overall, we propose that cerium oxide nanoparticles mediate cell death via hydrogen peroxide production linked to mitochondrial dysfunction

Atrial fibrillation after transhiatal esophagectomy with transcervical endoscopic esophageal mobilization: one institution’s experience

Abstract Background There have been numerous studies regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with cardiac and pulmonary surgery; however, studies looking at esophagectomy and atrial fibrillation are sparse. The goal of this study was to review our institution’s atrial fibrillation rate following esophagectomy in order to better define the incidence and predisposing factors in this patient population. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing esophagectomy with transcervical endoscopic mobilization of the esophagus (TEEM) at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Affiliated Hospitals from July 2009 through December 2012. Results Seventy-one patients underwent TEEM esophagectomy during the study period. Of those, 23 (32.4%) patients developed new atrial fibrillation postoperatively. ICU (Intensive Care Unit) length of stay was 7.1 days for those that did not receive amiodarone, compared to 5.3 days for those that did receive amiodarone (p < 0.025). Those that went into AF spent on average 9.3 days in the ICU compared to 4.7 days for their counterparts that did not go into AF (p < 0.006). Total length of stay was not statistically different between populations [15.1 +/− 11.3 days compared to 13.5 +/− 9.4 days for those who did not go into AF (p < 0.281)]. Receiving preoperative amiodarone was found to reduce the overall incidence of AF. There was a trend towards decreased risk of going into AF in those who received preoperative amiodarone with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.555 (p = 0.057). Conclusion Similar to data reported in previous literature, postoperative atrial fibrillation was found to increase ICU length of stay as well as overall length of hospital stay. Preoperative amiodarone administration displayed a trend toward decreasing the rates of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing TEEM

Atrial fibrillation after transhiatal esophagectomy with transcervical endoscopic esophageal mobilization: one institution\u27s experience

BACKGROUND: There have been numerous studies regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with cardiac and pulmonary surgery; however, studies looking at esophagectomy and atrial fibrillation are sparse. The goal of this study was to review our institution\u27s atrial fibrillation rate following esophagectomy in order to better define the incidence and predisposing factors in this patient population. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing esophagectomy with transcervical endoscopic mobilization of the esophagus (TEEM) at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Affiliated Hospitals from July 2009 through December 2012. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients underwent TEEM esophagectomy during the study period. Of those, 23 (32.4%) patients developed new atrial fibrillation postoperatively. ICU (Intensive Care Unit) length of stay was 7.1 days for those that did not receive amiodarone, compared to 5.3 days for those that did receive amiodarone (p \u3c 0.025). Those that went into AF spent on average 9.3 days in the ICU compared to 4.7 days for their counterparts that did not go into AF (p \u3c 0.006). Total length of stay was not statistically different between populations [15.1 +/- 11.3 days compared to 13.5 +/- 9.4 days for those who did not go into AF (p \u3c 0.281)]. Receiving preoperative amiodarone was found to reduce the overall incidence of AF. There was a trend towards decreased risk of going into AF in those who received preoperative amiodarone with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.555 (p = 0.057). CONCLUSION: Similar to data reported in previous literature, postoperative atrial fibrillation was found to increase ICU length of stay as well as overall length of hospital stay. Preoperative amiodarone administration displayed a trend toward decreasing the rates of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing TEEM