10 research outputs found
Solarization and goat manure on weeds management and melon yield: (with 1figure & 2 tables)
Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus intraradices co-inoculation stimulates growth and yield of cherry tomato under shadehouse conditions La co-inoculación con Azospirillum brasilense y Glomus intraradices estimula el crecimiento y rendimiento de tomate che
Resumen. Se evaluó la respuesta del cultivo de tomate cherry a la biofertilización con microorganismos benéficos bajo condiciones de casasombra. Las semillas fueron inoculadas y co-inoculadas con Azospirillum brasilense (Az) y/o Glomus intraradices (Gi); después del trasplante, las plántulas de seis tratamientos recibieron dos aplicaciones de una solución conteniendo Az + Gi, y fueron comparadas contra el tratamiento testigo que solo recibió fertilización tradicional (NPK). La co-inoculación de las semillas con A. brasilense y G. intraradices más dos aplicaciones de Az + Gi a los 15 y 30 días después del trasplante, incrementaron en promedio 6% la altura de plantas, 11% el área foliar, 10,5% la biomasa seca y 16% el rendimiento de tomate cherry en comparación con la fertilización tradicional. Palabras clave: Micorrizas arbusculares; PGPR; Biofertilizantes; Solanum lycopersicon. Abstract. The response of cherry tomato to biofertilization with beneficial microorganisms was evaluated under shadehouse conditions. Seeds were inoculated and/or co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (Az) and/or Glomus intraradices (Gi). Thereafter, seedlings of six treatments received two applications of a suspension containing Az + Gi at 15 and 30 days after the transplant, and were compared against a non-inoculated treatment which only received conventional inorganic fertilization. Seed co-inoculation with A. brasilense and G. intraradices plus two applications of Az + Gi at 15 and 30 days after transplant increased on average 6% plant height, 11% leaf area, 10.5% dry biomass and 16% yield of cherry tomato in comparison to traditional fertilization
Weed density and biomass are reduced and plant growth and seed yield increased in common bean after solarisation with clear and black plastic
Bioeficacia de productos org\ue1nicos, biol\uf3gicos y qu\uedmicos contra Alternaria dauci K\ufchn y su efecto en el cultivo de zanahoria
Biocontrol de la marchitez del chile con tres especies de Bacillus y su efecto en el crecimiento y rendimiento
La co-inoculaci\uf3n con Azospirillum brasilense y Glomus intraradices estimula el crecimiento y rendimiento de tomate cherry
Potencial antif\ufangico de cepas de Bacillusspp. y extracto de Larrea tridentatacontra Rhizoctonia solanien el cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Soil solarization and sustainable agriculture
Pesticide treatments provide an effective control of soilborne pests in
vegetable and fruit crops, but their toxicity to animals and people and residual toxicity in
plants and soil, and high cost make their use hazardous and economically expensive.
Moreover, actual environmental legislation is imposing severe restrictions on the
use or the total withdrawal of most soil-applied pesticides. Therefore, an increasing
emphasis has been placed on the use of nonchemical or pesticide-reduced control
methods. Soil solarization is a nonpesticidal technique which kills a wide range
of soil pathogens, nematodes, and weed seeds and seedlings through the high soil
temperatures raised by placing plastic sheets on moist soil during periods of high
ambient temperature. Direct thermal inactivation of target organisms was found to be
the most important mechanism of solarization biocidal effect, contributed also by
a heat-induced release of toxic volatile compounds and a shift of soil microflora to
microorganisms antagonist of plant pathogens. Soil temperature and moisture are
critical variables in solarization thermal effect, though the role of plastic film is also
fundamental for the solarizing process, as it should increase soil temperature by
allowing the passage of solar radiation while reducing energetic radiative and convective
losses. Best solarizing properties were shown by low-density or vynilacetate-
coextruded polyethylene formulations, but a wide range of plastic materials
were documented as also suitable to soil solarization. Solar heating was normally
reported to improve soil structure and increase soil content of soluble nutrients, particularly
dissolved organic matter, inorganic nitrogen forms, and available cations,
and shift composition and richness of soil microbial communities, with a marked
increase of plant growth beneficial, plant pathogen antagonistic or root quick recolonizer
microorganisms. As a consequence of these effects, soil solarization was
largely documented to increase plant growth and crop yield and quality along more than two crop cycles. Most important fungal plant pathogenic species were found
strongly suppressed by the solarizing treatment, as several studies documented an
almost complete eradication of economically relevant pathogens, such as Fusarium
spp., Phytophthora spp., Pythium spp., Sclerotium spp., Verticillium spp., and their
related diseases in many vegetable and fruit crops and in different experimental
conditions. Beneficial effects on fungal pathogens were stated to commonly last
for about two growing seasons and also longer. Soil solarization demonstrated to
be effective for the control of bacterial diseases caused by Agrobacterium spp.,
Clavibacter michiganensis and Erwinia amylovora, but failed to reduce incidence
of tomato diseases caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Solarization was generally
found less effective on phytoparasitic nematodes than on other organisms, due
to their quicker soil recolonization compared to fungal pathogens and weeds, but
field and greenhouse studies documented consistant reductions of root-knot severity
and population densities of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., as well as a
satisfactory control of cyst-nematode species, such as Globodera rostochiensis and
Heterodera carotae, and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Weeds were variously
affected by solar heating, as annual species were generally found almost completely
suppressed and perennial species more difficult to control, due to the occurrence
deep propagules not exposed to lethal temperature. Residual effect of solarization
on weeds was found much more pronounced than on nematodes and most fungal
pathogens. Soil solarization may be perfect fit for all situations in which use of
pesticides is restricted or completely banned, such as in organic production, or in
farms located next to urban areas, or specialty crops with few labeled pesticides.
Advantages of solarization also include economic convenience, as demonstrated
by many comparative benefit/cost analyses, ease of use by growers, adaptability
to many cropping systems, and a full integration with other control tools, which
makes this technique perfectly compatible with principles of integrated pest management
required by sustainable agriculture