Management of pilonidal disease

© 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose of review Pilonidal disease, and the treatment associated with it, can cause significant morbidity and substantial burden to patients\u27 quality of life. Despite the plethora of surgical techniques that have been developed to treat pilonidal disease, discrepancies in technique, recurrence rates, complications, time to return to work/school and patients\u27 aesthetic satisfaction between treatment options have led to controversy over the best approach to this common acquired disease of young adults. Recent findings The management of pilonidal disease must strike a balance between recurrence and surgical morbidity. The commonly performed wide excision without closure has prolonged recovery, while flap closures speed recovery time and improve aesthetics at the expense of increased wound complications. Less invasive surgical techniques have recently evolved and are straightforward, with minimal morbidity and satisfactory results. Summary As with any surgical intervention, the ideal treatment for pilonidal disease would be simple and cost-effective, cause minimal pain, have a limited hospital stay, low recurrence rate and require minimal time off from school or work. Less invasive procedures for pilonidal disease may be favourable as an initial approach for these patients reserving complex surgical treatment for refractory disease

Early Experience with Variant Two-Stage Approach in Surgical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Colitis in the Pediatric Population.

Introduction: Multistaged surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), culminating in ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), can provide cure for refractory IBD symptoms while maintaining fecal continence. Surgical approaches to IPAA historically included a three-stage approach done by subtotal colectomy (STC) followed by IPAA with diversion. Recently, a variant two-stage approach without diversion at IPAA has become increasingly utilized, yet evidence of the efficacy of this approach is limited. Methods: Retrospective review of patients aged 5-21 years who underwent initial STC, followed by a total proctocolectomy with IPAA +/- diversion for medically refractory IBD from January 2010 to August 2018 (n = 25). Results: Majority of IPAA procedures were done laparoscopically (88.5%). Thirteen patients (52%) underwent two-stage variant IPAA. There were no differences in readmission rates (66.7% versus 53.8%, P = .5) or reoperation rates (50% versus 30.8%, P = .3) between groups. Forty percent of patients experienced a complication after IPAA. Complication rates were similar between two-stage and three-stage IPAA groups (38.5% versus 50%, P = .33). Complications within the two-stage group included anastomotic leak, pouchitis, wound infection, anastomotic stricture, and incarcerated hernia. Complications within the three-stage group included bloody ostomy output, dehydration, anastomotic stricture, small bowel obstruction, and pouch volvulus. Conclusions: Treatment of refractory IBD in children remains challenging, but STC followed by IPAA is an approach that provides symptom relief and preserves continence. Complication rates remained unchanged regardless of whether IPAA was conducted with or without diversion, demonstrating that the two-stage variant approach is a safe and feasible treatment that may reduce subsequent anesthesia exposure and trips to the operating room

Ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath block vs. conventional local analgesia in single port laparoscopic appendectomy for children with nonperforated appendicitis

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Introduction: Despite its minimally invasive approach, laparoscopic surgery can cause considerable pain. Regional analgesic techniques such as the rectus sheath block (RSB) offer improved pain management following elective umbilical hernia repair in the pediatric population. This effect has not been examined in laparoscopic single-incision surgery in children. We sought to compare the efficacy of bilateral ultrasound-guided RSB versus local anesthetic infiltration (LAI) in providing postoperative pain relief in pediatric single-incision transumbilical laparoscopic assisted appendectomy (TULA) with same-day discharge. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 275 children, ages 4 to 17 years old, who underwent TULA for uncomplicated appendicitis in a single institution from August 2014 to July 2015. We compared those that received preincision bilateral RSB (n = 136) with those who received LAI (n = 139). The primary outcome was narcotic administration. Secondary outcomes included initial and mean scores, time from anesthesia induction to release, operative time, time to rescue dose of analgesic in the PACU and time to PACU discharge. Results: Total narcotic administration was significantly reduced in patients that underwent preincision RSB compared to those that received conventional LAI, with a mean of 0.112 mg/kg of morphine versus 0.290 mg/kg morphine (p \u3c 0.0001). Patients undergoing RSB reported lower initial (0.38 vs. 2.38; p \u3c 0.0001) and mean pain scores (1.26 vs. 1.77; p \u3c 0.015). Time to rescue analgesia was prolonged in patients undergoing RSB compared to LAI (58.93 min vs. 41.56 min; p = 0.047). Conclusion: Preincision RSB for TULA in uncomplicated appendicitis in children is associated with decreased opioid consumption and lower pain scores compared with LAI. As the addition of this procedure only added 6.67 min to time under anesthesia, we feel that it is a viable option for postoperative pain control in pediatric single-incision laparoscopic surgery. Retrospective comparative study: LEVEL III EVIDENCE

Modified open technique for laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement results in more leakage post operatively than Seldinger technique

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Background: Laparoscopic gastrostomy tube (GT) placement is a common procedure and frequent cause of morbidity. Some surgeons perform a Seldinger technique (ST), while others perform a modified open technique (MOT). We hypothesized that the modified open technique would result in more complications. Methods: A prospective study of primary GT placed 12/2016-06/2018, ensuring at least 6 months follow up. We assessed any episode of granulation tissue, troublesome leaking, tube dislodgment, and infection requiring antibiotic or drainage. Results: 92 GT were placed, with 56 were placed as modified open (60.9%). 34 children (37.0%) developed granulation tissue, 18 children (19.6%) experienced tube dislodgment, and 6 children (6.5%) developed a site infection, with no difference depending on technique (P = 0.56, 0.29, and 0.76, respectively). Following ST, 2 children developed leakage (5.6%), whereas 15 children (26.8%) had leakage following the MOT (P = 0.01). Conclusion: MOT resulted in significantly more leaks. Other complications were similar between groups. Surgeons choosing MOT should be mindful of the size of gastrotomy at time of surgery, as this may result in increased complications