Emulation of wind turbine using dc motor

Over the course of the past few decades, there has been a steady rise in the utilization of renewable energy resources. 238GW is the estimated global wind capacity at the end of 2011. India is the 5th largest harnesser of wind power with 16GW production. Wind energy is green and clean compared to non-renewable fossil fuels and thus wind energy based power generation has become a significant contributor to present power systems encouraging works on wind power based research. Since it is troublesome to practice a true wind turbine for research requirements, it gets necessary to create a replica of a genuine wind turbine to be utilized for small scale works. This paper depicts the configuration of a test system working on a wind turbine's power-speed characteristics. It concentrates on the power-speed and torque-speed characteristics and models the wind turbine characteristics reproducing the same utilizing MATLAB-SIMULINK. The work is on mathematical demonstration of test system of the Horizontal Axis Wind turbine. The corresponding static and dynamic characteristics recreations are done. Emulation of the wind turbine is done by working the DC motor to gauge the theoritical rotational velocity of the rotor of the wind turbine. A PI controller is utilized to tune the DC motor characteristics with the Wind Turbine characteristic curves. Taking into account the rotor characteristics of the wind turbine, a particular reference rotor pace is produced and the wind speed gives the mechanical wind power

A study among the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnant women highlighting the variations in lipid parameters attending ante natal clinics at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Background: Wide variation in the lipid profile in pregnancy is quite common. Exaggerated changes in insulin and lipid levels in women with GDM during pregnancy, lead to significant alterations in lipid levels in comparison to normal pregnancy. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy has a significant role to play in the aetiology and pathogenesis of GDM as is indicated by various studies previously.Methods: A hospital-based case control study was conducted at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in the Department of Endocrinology. The sample size was 100 pregnant women. Study period was of one year from June 2018 to June 2019. In women of both the groups, i.e., with GDM and without GDM the mean age of presentation were 20-25 yrs. Out of the 100 cases, we took 50 patients of GDM in the cases group and 50 patients of non GDM pregnant women as control group. Fasting lipid profile was sent to the hospital laboratory analyzed by Tinder’s methods. The results thus obtained were analyzed using student ‘t’ test for statistical significance using SPSS version 20.Results: There was no statistical difference in age and parity between control and case group. Triglyceride (cases- 286.4±77.60 mg/dl) (controls-166±26mg/dl), total cholesterol (cases-256.5±41.7 mg/dl) (controls - 202.5±20.18mg/dl), VLDL (cases-53.4±13.2 mg/dl) (controls-46.6±13.1mg/dl) showed statistically significant values (p value0.5) among GDM and non GDM group. Lipid profile was performed predominately in women in II trimester.Conclusions: In comparison to non GDM women, it was observed that serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and VLDL level are significantly higher in woman with GDM. Whether lipid profile can be used as a predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus in future needs further research

Urinary tract infections at first antenatal check-up: a single centre prospective study

Background: Pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) are more likely to develop acute pyelonephritis, postpartum UTI, hypertensive disease, anemia, prematurity, low birth weight babies and prenatal death if untreated.Methods: Total 780 pregnant women attending for first antenatal check-up in a medical college were enrolled for the study. Those with any symptoms of UTI, like burning micturition, frequency, urgency, dysuria or fever were excluded from the study. All were subjected to undergo urine culture and sensitivity to the commonly used antibiotics in that area, irrespective of period of gestation, age and parity. Prevalence of ASB, most common infecting organism and antibiotic sensitivity pattern were analyzed.Results: The prevalence of ASB in 25 years age group (26.06% versus 18.80%; p = 0.020). Out of the 780 culture samples, 52 had more than 3 type colonies indicating contamination and 22 had budding yeast colonies, thus excluded from the study. No growth was found in 551 samples (78.05%). The prevalence of ASB was 21.95%. The most common organism isolated was ESBL-ve E coli (32.25%), followed by ESBL +ve E coli (21.29%) and Enterococcus (15.48%) respectively. E coli were mostly sensitive to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and cotrimoxazole whereas enteroccocus was sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusions: ASB is more common during pregnancy even in first antenatal check-up. We suggest routine urine culture and sensitivity during first antenatal check-up to detect ASB and treat with proper antibiotic to prevent the complications and development of resistance

Fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with reproductive tract anomalies

Background: Congenital reproductive tract anomalies result from abnormal formation, fusion or resorption of the mullerian ducts during fetal life. Pregnancies with reproductive tract anomalies are known to have higher incidence of spontaneous abortions, fetal malpresentations, preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of membranes and increased cesarean section rate. The present study was conducted to describe the fetal and maternal outcomes among pregnant women with uncorrected reproductive tract anomalies in a tertiary care centre, Manipur, India.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women with uncorrected reproductive tract anomalies in regional institute of medical sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India between September 2018 to August 2020.Results: A total of 62 pregnant women with uterine anomalies were included in the study. Bicornuate uterus was the most common uterine anomaly (45.2%) followed by arcuate uterus (19.3%). Cesarean section was conducted in 72.6% of the pregnant women and its major indication was fetal malpresentation (breech). Maternal complications were present in56.5% of the pregnancies and fetal complications in 27.4% of the newborns.Conclusions: The current study has shown a significant association between uterine anomalies and maternal and fetal complications including premature rupture of membranes, fetal malpresentation and increased caesarean section rate. Further studies involving bigger sample size will help in understanding the problem more and hence in the prevention of the complications in future

Regulation of Intracellular Trafficking of Laminin Binding Integrins in Prostate Cancer

Laminin binding integrins (α6β1 and α3β1) are persistently but differentially expressed throughout prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Prostate cancer primarily invades through laminin rich nerve for extracapsular escape during cancer metastasis. An intense expression of the pro-metastatic α6 integrin was observed during perineural invasion with a heterogeneous distribution of the integrin on the cancer cell membrane as well as intracellularly. Bone and soft tissue metastasis of human prostate cancer demonstrated a similar pattern where 75-80% of the cancers had significant intracellular staining. This was correlated with an mRNA overexpression of various intracellular trafficking regulators. Using a prostate cancer cell culture model of DU145 cells, the α6 integrin was found to be constitutively internalized in cancer cells at a rate of 3.25 min-1, which was 3 fold greater than internalization rate of α3 integrin, classically considered a "non-circulating" receptor. α6 and α3 integrins function coordinately to regulate cell migration during development, wound healing. Their orchestrated redistribution during these processes is well-known, but the mechanism remains elusive. Current study identifies intracellular trafficking of these integrins as a key mechanism of their coordination. Depletion of α3 integrin in prostate cancer cells significantly increased internalization of α6 integrin up to 1.7-fold and increased localization of α6 integrin at cell-cell membrane locations. There was a concomitant 1.8-fold increase in cell migration significantly dependent on α6 integrin. Depletion of α6 integrin expression however, had no effects on the internalization of α3 integrin indicating that the identified coordination was unidirectional. α6 integrin trafficking drives cancer invasion, but its selective regulators are unknown. Here, Rab11FIP5 was identified as a selective regulator of α6 integrin recycling to cell membrane. Interestingly, α6 integrin was found to be primarily recycled to the cell-cell membranes where it colocalized with Rab11 and Rab11FIP5. Depletion of Rab11FIP5 reduced such membrane expression of α6 integrin, inhibited cell-cell cohesion in 3D culture and significantly reduced cell migration. The localization of α6 and α3 integrin at these locations have been implicated in cell adhesion. Based on current study α6 recycling by Rab11FIP5 might be key to such function. Another Rab11 effector protein Rab11FIP1 was identified as a regulator of both α3 and α6 integrin trafficking. Depletion of Rab11FIP1 reduced membrane expression of α3 integrin by significantly increasing its internalization and reducing the recycling. There was a major effect on α6 integrin internalization, which increased to an extent similar to that observed on α3 integrin depletion. Rab11FIP1 regulated α6 integrin recycling, in a pathway found to be independent of Rab11FIP5. Taken together, current research defined Rab11FIPs as regulators of α6 and α3 integrins. A unidirectional coordination between α6 and α3 integrin was identified such that loss of α3 integrin, representative of high grade prostate cancer, amplifies integrin α6 integrin internalization and a resultant migratory phenotype

An uncommon cause of portal hypertension in a toddler

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) affects the liver and the kidney. Renal involvement presents early in life, whereas hepatic involvement manifests slightly later with portal hypertension. A male toddler came with chronic abdominal distension, prominent abdominal wall vessels, and umbilical protuberance. Ultrasonography findings of hepatic fibrosis with portal hypertension, mildly prominent biliary radicals, bilateral cystic renal enlargement, and a striated nephrogram on contrast-enhanced computed tomography suggested the diagnosis. Congenital hepatic fibrosis is invariably associated with ARPKD leading to portal hypertension and the development of portosystemic collaterals; those located in the umbilical region appear as caput medusae

Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and their correlation to cluster of differentiation lymphocyte count in population of North-East India in highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection which manifests as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease involving the defects of the T-lymphocyte arm of the immune system. Certain laboratory parameters such as the cluster of differentiation (CD4) count and clinical parameters have long been used as markers of disease progression. In industrialized countries, many studies show a highly correlation between the incidence of oral lesions and immunosuppression and hence, can be used as a marker of immunosuppression. This might not be applicable to a developing country like India. In this study, efforts have been made to supplement the present knowledge on various aspects of oral manifestations in HIV patients in the Indian subcontinent. Aims: To correlate the oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients to the level of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and their effect in anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Subjects and Methods: A total of 104 HIV positive patients were examined for oral lesions. The CD4 count estimated on the same day by fluorescent activated cell sort count machine was then correlated with various oral lesions. Results: Oral manifestations appeared when CD4 count decreased below 500 cells/mm3. Moreover, oral lesions found at different stages showed very strong correlation to their respective CD4 count. Furthermore, there was considerable decline in the incidence of oral manifestations in patients undergoing highly active ART. Conclusions: Oral manifestations are highly predictive markers of severe immune deterioration and disease progression in HIV patients