Cu-Mediated Sulfonyl Radical-Enabled 5-<i>exo-trig</i> Cyclization of Alkenyl Aldehydes: Access to Sulfonylmethyl 1<i>H</i>‑Indenes

An efficient method for the construction of sulfonylmethyl 1<i>H</i>-indenes via Cu­(I)-mediated sulfonyl radical-enabled 5-<i>exo-trig</i> cyclization of alkenyl aldehydes has been developed for the first time. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical addition–cyclization–elimination (RACE) process might be involved. The reaction features a relatively broad substrate scope, good annulation efficiency, and varying functional group tolerance

Meta-analysis results of the association between <i>PTEN</i> IVS4 polymorphism (rs3830675) and cancer risk.

<p>Abbreviations: R, random effect model; F, fixed effect model; PB, population-based; HB, hospital-based.</p

Results of publication bias test.

<p>Results of publication bias test.</p

Forest plot for the association between <i>PTEN</i> IVS4 (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk (+/− vs. +/+).

<p>Forest plot for the association between <i>PTEN</i> IVS4 (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk (+/− vs. +/+).</p

Characteristics of the included studies in this meta-analysis.

<p>Abbreviations: PB, population-based; HB, hospital-based.</p

The flowchart of literature inclusion and exclusion.

<p>The flowchart of literature inclusion and exclusion.</p

Forest plot for the association between <i>PTEN</i> IVS4 (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk (−allele vs. +allele).

<p>Forest plot for the association between <i>PTEN</i> IVS4 (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk (−allele vs. +allele).</p

Table_6_Transcriptome analysis of the response of Hypomyces chrysospermus to cadmium stress.XLSX

Hypomyces chrysospermus is a fungal parasite that grows on Boletus species. One isolated strain of H. chrysospermus from B. griseus was obtained and proved of strong ability to tolerate and absorb cadmium (Cd) by previous research. However, the molecular mechanisms of underlying the resistance of H. chrysospermus to Cd stress have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the effect of Cd stress on the global transcriptional regulation of H. chrysospermus. A total of 1,839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under 120 mg/l Cd stress. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that large amounts of DEGs were associated with cell membrane components, oxidoreductase activity, and transport activity. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the translation, amino acid metabolism, transport and catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and folding/sorting and degradation pathways under Cd stress. Moreover, the expression of DEGs encoding transporter proteins, antioxidant enzymes, nonenzymatic antioxidant proteins, detoxification enzymes, and transcription factors was associated with the Cd stress response. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance in H. chrysospermus and serve as a valuable reference for further studies on the detoxification mechanisms of heavy metal-tolerant fungi. Our findings may also facilitate the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.</p

Image_1_Transcriptome analysis of the response of Hypomyces chrysospermus to cadmium stress.TIF

Hypomyces chrysospermus is a fungal parasite that grows on Boletus species. One isolated strain of H. chrysospermus from B. griseus was obtained and proved of strong ability to tolerate and absorb cadmium (Cd) by previous research. However, the molecular mechanisms of underlying the resistance of H. chrysospermus to Cd stress have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the effect of Cd stress on the global transcriptional regulation of H. chrysospermus. A total of 1,839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under 120 mg/l Cd stress. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that large amounts of DEGs were associated with cell membrane components, oxidoreductase activity, and transport activity. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the translation, amino acid metabolism, transport and catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and folding/sorting and degradation pathways under Cd stress. Moreover, the expression of DEGs encoding transporter proteins, antioxidant enzymes, nonenzymatic antioxidant proteins, detoxification enzymes, and transcription factors was associated with the Cd stress response. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance in H. chrysospermus and serve as a valuable reference for further studies on the detoxification mechanisms of heavy metal-tolerant fungi. Our findings may also facilitate the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.</p

Serum OPN expression in different gender, age, H. Pylori status, smoking and alcohol drinking.

<p>Serum OPN expression in different gender, age, H. Pylori status, smoking and alcohol drinking.</p