1 research outputs found
BsmI (rs1544410) and FokI (rs2228570) vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, smoking, and body mass index as risk factors of cutaneous malignant melanoma in northeast Italy
Objective: To investigate whether vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) BsmI-rs1544410 and FokI-rs2228570 polymorphisms, smoking
duration, and body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for cutaneous melanoma, especially metastatic melanoma.
Methods: We studied 120 cutaneous melanoma cases [68 stage I and II non-metastatic melanoma (NMetM) patients, plus 52
Stage III and IV metastatic melanoma (MetM) patients], and 120 matching healthy controls from northeast Italy. VDR
polymorphisms were measured by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Absence or presence of BsmI and FokI
restriction sites was denoted by \u201cB\u201d and \u201cF\u201d or by \u201cb\u201d and \u201cf,\u201d respectively.
Results: VDR-BsmI bb genotype was more frequent among MetM (32.7%) than among NMetM cases (13.2%), with odds ratio
(OR)=3.18. Comparison of all melanoma patients vs healthy controls showed that the following biomarkers were at risk: 6520 years
of smoking (OR=2.43); 6520 years of smoking combined with bb (OR=4.78), Bb+bb (OR=2.30), Ff (OR=3.04), and Ff+ff
(OR=3.08); obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2
) alone (OR=3.54); and obesity combined with Bb+bb (OR=3.52), Ff (OR=4.78), and Ff+ff
(OR=6.56). Comparison of MetM vs NMetM patients revealed that the following biomarkers were at risk: 6520 years of smoking
(OR=2.39), 6520 years of smoking combined with bb (OR=5.13), Bb+bb (OR=3.07), and Ff+ff (OR=2.66); and obesity combined
with Bb+bb (OR=5.27), Ff (OR=6.28), and Ff+ff (OR=9.18). Triple combination of 6520 years of smoking, obesity, and Bb+bb
yielded OR=9.65 for melanoma patients vs healthy controls and OR=12.2 for MetM vs. NMetM patients.
Conclusions: Risk factors for cutaneous MetM include two VDR polymorphisms combined with smoking duration and obesity.
Results suggest gene-environment implications in melanoma susceptibility and severity. Future studies in larger cohorts and in
subjects with different genetic background are warranted to extend our findings