Differences in collagen gene expression in male and female anterior cruciate ligament injured athletes

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries occur two to eight times more frequently in women than men. However, it remains unclear whether gender differences exist in ACL at the molecular level. Using reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with histological analysis, the gene expressions of collagen types I and III of fibroblasts from ACLs of 17 male and 17 female athletes with acute ACL tears were studied. Female athletes were found to have a significantly lower gene expression of collagen I. No significant difference was found in type III collagen gene expression between male and female athletes. This finding may help us to explain the higher incidence of ACL injury in female athletes from the molecular perspective

Qualitative research in finance

This paper provides an overview of qualitative research to encourage finance researchers to apply a more diverse approach to current research practices. Social science researchers recognize that research questions should determine what research paradigm is best for each study. Imagine the benefits to finance if we expand our empirical sources of data to include what people have to say, which then allows us to explore the complex reasoning behind these conversations. It is the intent of this paper to enhance our current research practices in finance through the use of qualitative methods and to view this approach as an invaluable supplement or prelude to existing practices