Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Nitrogen + Diethyl Ether and Nitrogen + 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone by Experiment, Peng–Robinson and PC-SAFT Equations of State

The saturated liquid line of the systems nitrogen (N2) + diethyl ether and N2 + 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone (Novec 649) is measured along three isotherms, that is, 390, 420, and 450 K and 360, 390, and 420 K, respectively. The employed gas solubility apparatus, based on the synthetic method, allows to measure points up to the critical region of these mixtures. The experimental data are used to correlate the Peng–Robinson and PC-SAFT equations of state (EOS). For the parametrization of the system, N2 + diethyl ether the Peng–Robinson EOS is combined with the Huron–Vidal mixing rule and the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) excess Gibbs energy model; for the system N2 + Novec 649 the quadratic mixing rule is used

The aggregate Euler equation and transaction services of government bonds

We estimate an aggregate consumption Euler equation on a panel of OECD countries allowing for the stocks of government bonds to influence the intertemporal path of private consumption. The results can be interpreted as mildly supportive of recently proposed theories which postulate that government bonds have a liquidity value due to their role in facilitating transactions. We also allow for non-separability between consumption and leisure in utility in a way that distinguishes between the extensive and the intensive margin of employment. The relation between expected changes in consumption and employment at the extensive margin turns out as the most robust feature of the data, while the intensive margin appears to be of limited importance

Experimental investigation of a cascaded organic Rankine cycle plant for the utilization of waste heat at high and low temperature levels

A power plant with two cascaded organic Rankine cycles (CORC) to exploit waste heat from a 800 kWe combined heat and power plant, fueled by biogas, is designed and tested. Heat from the exhaust gas is utilized with a high temperature organic Rankine cycle (HT-ORC), where toluene is employed as a working fluid. The heat discharged from the HT-ORC as well as heat from the engine coolant and additional heat from the exhaust gas is supplied to a low temperature ORC (LT-ORC) with the working fluid Solkatherm SES36. The design of the CORC and the selection of working fluids is presented, aiming at a maximum plant efficiency, but also complying with environmental, safety and practical issues. Furthermore, plant components and construction details are described. After manufacturing, initial tests are carried out, obtaining thermodynamic conditions that are close to the design of the HT-ORC, where a maximum electrical turbo-generator output of 17.5 kW is measured. The cascading of the low temperature heat sources and the transfer to the LT-ORC is shown as well as the basic operation of the LT-ORC. However, several problems occurred, such as a turbo-generator damage in the HT-ORC, a too high condensation pressure and a low working fluid mass flow rate in the LT-ORC, which are discussed together with proposed optimization measures

DATA CONSTRUCTORS: ON THE INTEGRATION OF RULES AND RELATIONS

Although the goals and means of rule-based and data-based systems are too different to be fully integrated at the present time, it seems appropriate to investigate a closer integration of language constructs and a better cooperation of execution models for both kinds of approaches. In this paper, we propose a new language construct called constructor that â when applied to a base relation â causes relation membership to become true for all tuples constructable through the predicates provided by the constructor definition. The approach is shown to provide expressive power at least equivalent to PROLOG's declarative semantics while blending well both with a strongly typed modular programming language and with a relational calculus query formalism. A three-step compilation, optimization, and evaluation methodology for expressions with constructed relations is described that integrates constructors with the surrounding database programming environment. In particular, many recursive queries can be evaluated more efficiently within the set-construction framework of database systems than with proof-oriented methods typical for a rule-based approach.Information Systems Working Papers Serie

Design and test of a multi-coil helical evaporator for a high temperature organic Rankine cycle plant driven by biogas waste heat

A direct evaporator for a high temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant with toluene as a working fluid is designed and tested. The exhaust gas from a 800 kWe combined heat and power plant is cooled on the shell side of the present heat exchanger, while the working fluid is heated and evaporated within eight helically coiled tubes, constituting a tube bundle. A method to obtain optimal design parameters for this type of heat exchanger is presented, considering the heat source, the ORC and the available space at the test site. After manufacturing, the apparatus is tested to validate the design procedure, focusing on the employed heat transfer and pressure loss correlations on the shell side. It is shown that the predicted values of the overall heat transfer coefficient and the shell side Nusselt number are in good agreement with experimental data, showing a maximum deviation of 5.5%. The measured shell side pressure loss is slightly higher than the predicted value, indicating that the correlation underestimates the pressure loss coefficient by up to 7% at low Reynolds numbers, but has a good accuracy at higher Reynolds numbers. It is observed that it is essential to adjust the mass flow rate of the working fluid in each coil to obtain a homogenous vapor quality. A reliable operation of the direct evaporator with a maximum heat flow of 225 kW is shown

Henry’s Law Constant of Noble Gases in Water, Methanol, Ethanol, and Isopropanol by Experiment and Molecular Simulation

Henry’s law constant data for the noble gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon in the pure solvents water, methanol, ethanol, and propan-2-ol are predicted over a wide temperature range by molecular simulation. Furthermore, gas solubility measurements are carried out for neon, krypton, and xenon in propan-2-ol, yielding experimental Henry’s law constant values that are employed, together with data from the literature, to evaluate present simulation results. Suitable molecular force field models are identified for each binary system, and new models for helium and neon are presented. By examining the entire set of binary systems, a characteristic trend of the solubility behavior concerning the molecular size of the solutes and solvents is identified. The present work contributes consistent Henry’s law constant data for 24 binary solute–solvent pairs over the entire relevant temperature range and improves the database considerably

LICC: L-BLP25 in patients with colorectal carcinoma after curative resection of hepatic metastases--a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational, double-blinded phase II trial

Background: 15-20% of all patients initially diagnosed with colorectal cancer develop metastatic disease and surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment available. Current 5-year survival following R0-resection of liver metastases is 28-39%, but recurrence eventually occurs in up to 70%. To date, adjuvant chemotherapy has not improved clinical outcomes significantly. The primary objective of the ongoing LICC trial (L-BLP25 In Colorectal Cancer) is to determine whether L-BLP25, an active cancer immunotherapy, extends recurrence-free survival (RFS) time over placebo in colorectal cancer patients following R0/R1 resection of hepatic metastases. L-BLP25 targets MUC1 glycoprotein, which is highly expressed in hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. In a phase IIB trial, L-BLP25 has shown acceptable tolerability and a trend towards longer survival in patients with stage IIIB locoregional NSCLC. Methods: This is a multinational, phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a sample size of 159 patients from 20 centers in 3 countries. Patients with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma limited to liver metastases are included. Following curative-intent complete resection of the primary tumor and of all synchronous/metachronous metastases, eligible patients are randomized 2:1 to receive either L-BLP25 or placebo. Those allocated to L-BLP25 receive a single dose of 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide (CP) 3 days before first L-BLP25 dose, then primary treatment with s.c. L-BLP25 930 mug once weekly for 8 weeks, followed by s.c. L-BLP25 930 mug maintenance doses at 6-week (years 1&2) and 12-week (year 3) intervals unless recurrence occurs. In the control arm, CP is replaced by saline solution and L-BLP25 by placebo. Primary endpoint is the comparison of recurrence-free survival (RFS) time between groups. Secondary endpoints are overall survival (OS) time, safety, tolerability, RFS/OS in MUC-1 positive cancers. Exploratory immune response analyses are planned. The primary endpoint will be assessed in Q3 2016. Follow-up will end Q3 2017. Interim analyses are not planned. Discussion: The design and implementation of such a vaccination study in colorectal cancer is feasible. The study will provide recurrence-free and overall survival rates of groups in an unbiased fashion. Trial Registration EudraCT Number 2011-000218-2