3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in Chinese patients with dry eye: a phase IV study

IntroductionThe efficacy and safety of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in Chinese patients with dry eye in the real-world setting remains unclear.Methods3099 patients with dry eye symptoms were screened according to Asia Dry Eye Society latest recommendation. Among them, 3000 patients were enrolled for a phase IV study. We followed up with multiple clinical characteristics including corneal fluorescein staining, tear break up time, Schirmer’s tests, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and others. The follow ups were performed at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment.ResultsBased on the results of corneal fluorescein staining and tear break up time, all age and gender subgroups exhibited obvious alleviation of the symptoms among the patients with dry eye, and the data in elderly group showed the most significant alleviation. All the adverse drug reactions (ADRs, 6.17%) were recorded, among which 6% local ocular ADRs were included. Meanwhile, mild ADRs (91.8%) accounted for the most. Most of the ADRs (89.75%) got a quick and full recovery, with an average time at 15.6 days. 1.37% of patients dropped out of the study due to ADRs.DiscussionThe use of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drop is effective and safe in the treatment of dry eye, with a low incidence of ADRs showing mild symptoms. This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ID: ChiCTR1900021999 (Registration Date: 19/03/2019)

An improved dynamic Monte Carlo model coupled with Poisson equation to simulate the performance of organic photovoltaic devices

© 2011 American Institute of Physics. The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3569130DOI: 10.1063/1.3569130We describe a new dynamic Monte Carlo model to simulate the operation of a polymer-blend solar cell; this model provides major improvements with respect to the one we developed earlier [J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 36 (2010)] by incorporating the Poisson equation and a charge thermoactivation mechanism. The advantage of the present approach is its capacity to deal with a nonuniform electrostatic potential that dynamically depends on the charge distribution. In this way, the unbalance in electron and hole mobilities and the space-charge induced potential distribution can be treated explicitly. Simulations reproduce well the experimental I-V curve in the dark and the open-circuit voltage under illumination of a polymer-blend solar cell. The dependence of the photovoltaic performance on the difference in electron and hole mobilities is discussed

Correlation and interaction between temperature and freeze-thaw in representative regions of Antarctica

As the most sensitive and direct indicator of global climate change, the freezing and thawing of the Antarctic ice sheet is of great significance for research on surface mass and energy balance. In this study, four representative regions in Antarctica were selected and correlation analysis, Granger causality testing, and cluster analysis were applied to comprehensively analyze the correlation and response of spatiotemporal variation in freeze-thaw and temperature. The conclusions are as follows. (1) In the Antarctic Peninsula, a phenomenon was demonstrated that the summer shifts rearward. Hotter December and colder March temperatures were observed in the Amery Ice Shelf and Queen Maud Land. (2) The Antarctic Peninsula featured the most severe degree of melting among the four regions, with the largest melt area in the past 30 years appearing during the 2015/2016 season. However, the number of melt days in most areas of the Antarctic Peninsula was observed to have decreased. (3) There is a strong correlation between the freeze-thaw state of the Antarctic ice sheet and temperature, as well as spatial differences among regions, but the data were clustered at different time scales

Glycolysis-Stimulated Esrrb Lactylation Promotes the Self-Renewal and Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem Cell Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) favor glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, and glycolytic metabolism is critical for pluripotency establishment, maintenance, and exit. However, an understanding of how glycolysis regulates the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that protein lactylation, regulated by intracellular lactate, contributes to the self-renewal of ESCs. We further showed that Esrrb, an orphan nuclear receptor involved in pluripotency maintenance and extraembryonic endoderm stem cell (XEN) differentiation, is lactylated on K228 and K232. The lactylation of Esrrb enhances its activity in promoting ESC self-renewal in the absence of the LIF and XEN differentiation of ESCs by increasing its binding at target genes. Our studies reveal the importance of protein lactylation in the self-renewal and XEN differentiation of ESCs, and the underlying mechanism of glycolytic metabolism regulating cell fate choice

An intelligent active probing and trace-back scheme for IoT anomaly detection

Due to their simple hardware, sensor nodes in IoT are vulnerable to attack, leading to data routing blockages or malicious tampering, which significantly disrupts secure data collection. An Intelligent Active Probing and Trace-back Scheme for IoT Anomaly Detection (APTAD) is proposed to collect integrated IoT data by recruiting Mobile Edge Users (MEUs). (a) An intelligent unsupervised learning approach is used to identify anomalous data from the collected data by MEUs and help to identify anomalous nodes. (b) Recruit MEUs to trace back and propose a series of trust calculation methods to determine the trust of nodes. (c) The last, the number of active detection packets and detection paths are designed, so as to accurately identify the trust of nodes in IoT at the minimum cost of the network. A large number of experimental results show that the recruiting cost and average anomaly detection time are reduced by 6.5 times and 34.33% respectively, while the accuracy of trust identification is improved by 20%

Au-cysteine modified macroporous adsorption resin: preparation and highly selective enrichment and identification of N-linked glycopeptides from the complex biological sample

The development of hydrophilic stationary phase for highly efficient and selective enrichment and identification of low-abundance glycopeptides from a complex biological sample is an important prerequisite in glycoproteomics research. Herein, a hydrophilic cysteine functionalized macroporous adsorption resin/gold nanoparticle (MAR/Au-Cys) was synthesized and applied to the highly selective enrichment and identification of N-linked glycopeptides. The unique porous structure and high specific surface area of MAR provide abundant bonding sites for the immobilization of Au nanoparticles, and subsequently for the loading of cysteine via robust Au-S bonds. The structure and chemical composition of MAR/Au-Cys were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Besides, the MAR/Au-Cys exhibited good performance in glycopeptide enrichment of tryptic digests from human immunoglobulin G and horseradish peroxidase by operation of a HILIC-SPE tip, revealing good universality, high enrichment selectivity, low detection limit (2.5 fmol) and satisfactory enrichment recovery (above 79%). Furthermore, the proposed material was successfully utilized in the N-glycoproteomics analysis of a complex biological sample. 1305 unique glycopeptides with 883 N-glycosylation sites from 476 different N-linked glycoproteins were identified from the proteins extracted from mouse liver. These results show that the proposed Au-cysteine modified macroporous adsorption resin is a promising affinity material for glycoproteomics research of real complex biological samples

Voltage-Dependent Emission Varying from Blue to Orange–Red from a Nondoped Organic Light-Emitting Diode with a Single Emitter

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with tunable emission colors, especially white OLEDs, have rarely been observed with a single emitter in a single emissive layer. In this paper, we report a new compound featuring a D–A–D structure, 9,9′-(pyrimidine-2,5-diylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole) (PDPC). A nondoped OLED using this compound as a single emitter exhibits unique voltage-dependent dual emission. The emission colors range from blue to orange–red with an increase in voltage, during which white electroluminescence with a Commission Internationale De L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.35, 0.29) and a color render index (CRI) value of 93 was observed. A comparative study revealed that the dual emission simultaneously originates from the monomers and excimers of the emitter. This study provides insight into understanding the multimer-excited mechanism and developing novel color-tunable OLEDs

Study of the cardiotoxicity of Venenum Bufonis in rats using an 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach.

Venenum Bufonis, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in Asia and has gained popularity in Western countries over the last decade. Venenum Bufonis has obvious side effects that have been observed in clinical settings, but few studies have reported on its cardiotoxicity. In this work, the cardiotoxicity of Venenum Bufonis was investigated using a 11H NMR-based metabolomics approach. The 1H NMR profiles of the serum, myocardial extracts and liver extracts of specific-pathogen-free rats showed that Venenum Bufonis produced significant metabolic perturbations dose-dependently with a distinct time effect, peaking at 2 hr after dosing and attenuating gradually. Clinical chemistry, electrocardiographic recordings, and histopathological evaluation provided additional evidence of Venenum Bufonis-induced cardiac damage that complemented and supported the metabolomics findings. The combined results demonstrated that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism perturbations were associated with the cardiac damage that results from Venenum Bufonis