N-[2-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-hydroxy­ethyl]propan-2-aminium chloride

In the title compound, C11H17ClNO+·Cl−, the side chain of the ethyl­amine group is orientated approximately perpendicular to the benzene ring, the dihedral angle between the C/C/N plane of the ethyl­amine group and the benzene plane being 83.5 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are observed. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with a 0.51 (10):0.49 (10) domain ratio

Fractionated irradiation induced radio-resistant esophageal cancer EC109 cells seem to be more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chemo-radiotherapy, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is the most frequent treatment for patients with esophageal cancer. In the process of radiotherapy, the radiosensitive cancer will become a radio-resistant one.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to detect the chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in radio-resistant cancer cells and improve the therapy efficiency, we firstly established a radio-resistant esophageal cancer cell model (referred to as EC109/R) from the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line EC109 through fractionated irradiation using X-rays. The radio-sensitivity of EC109/R cells was measured by clonogenic assay. To detect the drug sensitivity for EC109/R compared to its parent cells, we employed MTT method to screen the effectiveness of five different drugs commonly used in clinical therapy. The ratio of apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>EC109/R cells were more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, paclitaxel and etoposide, but tolerant to cisplatin compared to its original cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study implies that fractionated irradiation induced radio-resistant esophageal cancer cell is more sensitive to certain kind of chemotherapeutic drugs. It provides evidence for choosing the sequence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in esophageal cancer.</p

Knockdown of astrocyte elevated gene-1 inhibits proliferation and enhancing chemo-sensitivity to cisplatin or doxorubicin in neuroblastoma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Astrocyte elevated gene-1 </it>(<it>AEG</it>-<it>1</it>) was originally characterized as a HIV-1-inducible gene in primary human fetal astrocyte. Recent studies highlight a potential role of <it>AEG-1 </it>in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate if <it>AEG-1 </it>serves as a potential therapeutic target of human neuroblastoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We employed RNA interference to reduce <it>AEG-1 </it>expression in human neuroblastoma cell lines and analyzed their phenotypic changes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that the knockdown of <it>AEG-1 </it>expression in human neuroblastoma cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis. The specific downregulation induced cell arrest in the G₀/G₁phase of cell cycle. In the present study, we also observed a significant enhancement of chemo-sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin by knockdown of <it>AEG-1</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study suggests that overexpressed <it>AEG-1 </it>enhance the tumorogenic properties of neuroblastoma cells. The inhibition of <it>AEG-1 </it>expression could be a new adjuvant therapy for neuroblastoma.</p

Learning Dense UV Completion for Human Mesh Recovery

Human mesh reconstruction from a single image is challenging in the presence of occlusion, which can be caused by self, objects, or other humans. Existing methods either fail to separate human features accurately or lack proper supervision for feature completion. In this paper, we propose Dense Inpainting Human Mesh Recovery (DIMR), a two-stage method that leverages dense correspondence maps to handle occlusion. Our method utilizes a dense correspondence map to separate visible human features and completes human features on a structured UV map dense human with an attention-based feature completion module. We also design a feature inpainting training procedure that guides the network to learn from unoccluded features. We evaluate our method on several datasets and demonstrate its superior performance under heavily occluded scenarios compared to other methods. Extensive experiments show that our method obviously outperforms prior SOTA methods on heavily occluded images and achieves comparable results on the standard benchmarks (3DPW)

The Deacetylase HDAC6 Mediates Endogenous Neuritic Tau Pathology

The initiating events that promote tau mislocalization and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well defined, partly because of the lack of endogenous models that recapitulate tau dysfunction. We exposed wild-type neurons to a neuroinflammatory trigger and examined the effect on endogenous tau. We found that tau re-localized and accumulated within pathological neuritic foci, or beads, comprised of mostly hypo-phosphorylated, acetylated, and oligomeric tau. These structures were detected in aged wild-type mice and were enhanced in response to neuroinflammation in vivo, highlighting a previously undescribed endogenous age-related tau pathology. Strikingly, deletion or inhibition of the cytoplasmic shuttling factor HDAC6 suppressed neuritic tau bead formation in neurons and mice. Using mass spectrometry-based profiling, we identified a single neuroinflammatory factor, the metalloproteinase MMP-9, as a mediator of neuritic tau beading. Thus, our study uncovers a link between neuroinflammation and neuritic tau beading as a potential early-stage pathogenic mechanism in AD

PVTv2: Improved Baselines with Pyramid Vision Transformer

Transformer recently has shown encouraging progresses in computer vision. In this work, we present new baselines by improving the original Pyramid Vision Transformer (abbreviated as PVTv1) by adding three designs, including (1) overlapping patch embedding, (2) convolutional feed-forward networks, and (3) linear complexity attention layers. With these modifications, our PVTv2 significantly improves PVTv1 on three tasks e.g., classification, detection, and segmentation. Moreover, PVTv2 achieves comparable or better performances than recent works such as Swin Transformer. We hope this work will facilitate state-of-the-art Transformer researches in computer vision. Code is available at https://github.com/whai362/PVT .Comment: Technical Repor

Variation and stability of rhizosphere bacterial communities of Cucumis crops in association with root-knot nematodes infestation

IntroductionRoot-knot nematodes (RKN) disease is a devastating disease in Cucumis crops production. Existing studies have shown that resistant and susceptible crops are enriched with different rhizosphere microorganisms, and microorganisms enriched in resistant crops can antagonize pathogenic bacteria. However, the characteristics of rhizosphere microbial communities of Cucumis crops after RKN infestation remain largely unknown.MethodsIn this study, we compared the changes in rhizosphere bacterial communities between highly RKN-resistant Cucumis metuliferus (cm3) and highly RKN-susceptible Cucumis sativus (cuc) after RKN infection through a pot experiment. ResultsThe results showed that the strongest response of rhizosphere bacterial communities of Cucumis crops to RKN infestation occurred during early growth, as evidenced by changes in species diversity and community composition. However, the more stable structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community in cm3 was reflected in less changes in species diversity and community composition after RKN infestation, forming a more complex and positively co-occurrence network than cuc. Moreover, we observed that both cm3 and cuc recruited bacteria after RKN infestation, but the bacteria enriched in cm3 were more abundant including beneficial bacteria Acidobacteria, Nocardioidaceae and Sphingomonadales. In addition, the cuc was enriched with beneficial bacteria Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Cyanobacteria. We also found that more antagonistic bacteria than cuc were screened in cm3 after RKN infestation and most of them were Pseudomonas (Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae), and Proteobacteria were also enriched in cm3 after RKN infestation. We hypothesized that the cooperation between Pseudomonas and the beneficial bacteria in cm3 could inhibit the infestation of RKN.DiscussionThus, our results provide valuable insights into the role of rhizosphere bacterial communities on RKN diseases of Cucumis crops, and further studies are needed to clarify the bacterial communities that suppress RKN in Cucumis crops rhizosphere

Blockade of Persistent Sodium Currents Contributes to the Riluzole-Induced Inhibition of Spontaneous Activity and Oscillations in Injured DRG Neurons

In addition to a fast activating and immediately inactivating inward sodium current, many types of excitable cells possess a noninactivating or slowly inactivating component: the persistent sodium current (INaP). The INaP is found in normal primary sensory neurons where it is mediated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is the gateway for ectopic impulses that originate in pathological pain signals from the periphery. However, the role of INaP in DRG neurons remains unclear, particularly in neuropathic pain states. Using in vivo recordings from single medium- and large-diameter fibers isolated from the compressed DRG in Sprague-Dawley rats, we show that local application of riluzole, which blocks the INaP, also inhibits the spontaneous activity of A-type DRG neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, riluzole also abolished subthreshold membrane potential oscillations (SMPOs), although DRG neurons still responded to intracellular current injection with a single full-sized spike. In addition, the INaP was enhanced in medium- and large-sized neurons of the compressed DRG, while bath-applied riluzole significantly inhibited the INaP without affecting the transient sodium current (INaT). Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that the INaP blocker riluzole selectively inhibits INaP and thereby blocks SMPOs and the ectopic spontaneous activity of injured A-type DRG neurons. This suggests that the INaP of DRG neurons is a potential target for treating neuropathic pain at the peripheral level

Formation of a Salsolinol-like Compound, the Neurotoxin, 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, in a Cellular Model of Hyperglycemia and a Rat Model of Diabetes

There are statistical data indicating that diabetes is a risk factor for Parkinson\u27s disease (PD). Methylglyoxal (MG), a biologically reactive byproduct of glucose metabolism, the levels of which have been shown to be increase in diabetes, reacts with dopamine to form 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (ADTIQ); this formation may provide further insight into the connection between PD and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the role of ADTIQ in these two diseases to determine in an aim to enhance our understanding of the link between PD and diabetes. To this end, a cell model of hyperglycemia and a rat model of diabetes were established. In the cell model of hyperglycemia, compared with the control group, the elevated glucose levels promoted free hydroxyl radical formation (