6 research outputs found
In search of the origins and enduring impact of agile software development
The Agile Manifesto is a philosophical touchpoint for all agile
software development (ASD) methods. We examine the manifesto
and some of its associated agile methods in an effort to identify
the major impacts of ASD. We have encountered some difficulty
in delineating agile and non-agile software processes, which is
partially the result of terminological confusion. It is clear from the
volume of published research that ASD has made a significant
contribution, and we have identified two lasting and important
impacts. Firstly, the reduction in iteration durations and secondly,
the push for reduced levels of documentation (especially in
relation to software requirements). Other aspects of the Agile
Manifesto may not have exerted a significant impact; for example,
the use of tooling to automate processes has become central to
continuous software engineering (CSE) and may not be wholly
congruent with the manifesto. Furthermore, many organisations
may still rely on business contracts despite calls in the manifesto
for greater levels of informal customer collaboration
Critical Roles of the WASP N-Terminal Domain and Btk in LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages
While Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) plays critical roles in TCR signaling as an adaptor molecule, how it transduces innate immune signals remains to be elucidated. To investigate the roles of WASP in innate immune cells, we established bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cell lines from WASP15 transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing the WASP N-terminal region (exons 1–5). Upon LPS stimulation, WASP15 Tg BMDM cell lines produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 than the wild-type BMDM cell line. In addition, the production of nitric oxide by WASP15 Tg BMDM cells in response to LPS and IFN-γ was significantly impaired. Furthermore, we uncovered that the WASP N-terminal domain associates with the Src homology (SH) 3 domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Overexpression of the WASP N-terminal domain diminishes the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous WASP in WASP15 Tg BMDM cells, possibly by interfering with the specific binding between endogenous WASP and Btk during LPS signaling. These observations strongly suggest that the interaction between WASP N-terminal domain and Btk plays important roles in the LPS signaling cascade in innate immunity