High glucose up-regulates ENaC and SGK1 expression in HCD-cells

Background/Aim: Diabetic nephropathy is associated with progressive renal damage, leading to impaired function and end-stage renal failure. Secondary hypertension stems from a deranged ability of cells within the kidney to resolve and appropriately regulate sodium resorption in response to hyperglycaemia. However, the mechanisms by which glucose alters sodium re-uptake have not been fully characterised. Methods: Here we present RT-PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry data confirming mRNA and protein expression of the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase (SGK1) and the a conducting subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in a model in vitro system of the human cortical collecting duct (HCD). We examined changes in expression of these elements in response to glucose challenge, designed to mimic hyperglycaemia associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Changes in Na+ concentration were assessed using single-cell microfluorimetry. Results: Incubation with glucose, the Ca2+-ionophore ionomycin and the cytokine TGF-beta 1 were all found to evoke significant and time-dependent increases in both SGK1 and alpha ENaC protein expression. These molecular changes were correlated to an increase in Na+-uptake at the single-cell level. Conclusion: Together these data offer a potential explanation for glucose-evoked Na+-resorption and a potential contributory role of SGK1 and ENaCs in development of secondary hypertension, commonly linked to diabetic nephropathy

Проектирование автоматизированной системы управления блочно-кустовой насосной станции

Данная работа является проектом разработки автоматизированной компьютерной системы управления. Представлен выбор технических и программных средств, математический аппарат и программное обеспечение при проектирование автоматизированных систем управления SCADA. В работе отражены физические основы работы устройств АС, протоколов и интерфейсов систем автоматизации технологических процессов, требования ГОСТ по разработке технической документации проектов АС.This work is a project for the development of an automated computer control system. The choice of hardware and software, mathematical apparatus and software for the design of automated control systems SCADA. The work reflects the physical basis of the AC devices, protocols and interfaces of process automation systems, the requirements of GOST for the development of technical documentation of AC projects

Технологические решения для строительства разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2650 метров на нефтяном месторождении (Тюменская область)

Объектом исследования является разведочная вертикальная скважина глубиной 2650 метров на нефтяном месторождении (Тюменская область). Целью работы является – спроектировать технологическое решения для бурения вертикальной разведочной скважины, геолого-технический наряд, компоновки низа бурильной колонны, интервалы бурении и спуск обсадных колонн, интервалы цементирования.The object of the study is a vertical exploratory well with a depth of 2,650 meters in an oil field (Tyumen Oblast). The aim of the work is to design technological solutions for drilling a vertical exploration well, geological and technical outfit, layouts of the bottom of the drill string, drilling intervals and running of the casing strings, cementing intervals

Protein kinase C bound to the Golgi apparatus supports the formation of constitutive transport vesicles.

Constitutive secretion of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) was stimulated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and inhibited by calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). To delineate more closely the site of PKC action, the packaging in vitro of 35SO4-labelled HSPGs into transport vesicles was investigated. Formation of transport vesicles at the trans-Golgi network was stimulated by PMA and inhibited by calphostin C or Ro 31-8220 by using a post-nuclear supernatant. Treatment of either isolated Golgi-enriched membranes or cytosolic proteins with calphostin C provided evidence that membrane-bound PKC forms strongly supported vesicle formation, whereas cytosolic PKC forms showed a marginal effect. The PKC isoforms PKC-alpha and PKC-zeta were attached to highly purified Golgi membranes, as shown by Western blotting. Both isoforms were localized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in the Golgi area of HepG2 cells. Immunoelectron microscopy of ultrathin cryosections of HepG2 cells showed that PKC-zeta predominantly attaches to the trans-Golgi region, whereas PKC-alpha binds to the cis- and trans-Golgi area