DTER: Schedule Optimal RF Energy Request and Harvest for Internet of Things

We propose a new energy harvesting strategy that uses a dedicated energy source (ES) to optimally replenish energy for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting powered Internet of Things. Specifically, we develop a two-step dual tunnel energy requesting (DTER) strategy that minimizes the energy consumption on both the energy harvesting device and the ES. Besides the causality and capacity constraints that are investigated in the existing approaches, DTER also takes into account the overhead issue and the nonlinear charge characteristics of an energy storage component to make the proposed strategy practical. Both offline and online scenarios are considered in the second step of DTER. To solve the nonlinear optimization problem of the offline scenario, we convert the design of offline optimal energy requesting problem into a classic shortest path problem and thus a global optimal solution can be obtained through dynamic programming (DP) algorithms. The online suboptimal transmission strategy is developed as well. Simulation study verifies that the online strategy can achieve almost the same energy efficiency as the global optimal solution in the long term

The Minimal GUT with Inflaton and Dark Matter Unification

Giving up the solutions to the fine-tuning problems, we propose the non-supersymmetric flipped $SU(5)\times U(1)_X$ model based on the minimal particle content principle, which can be constructed from the four-dimensional $SO(10)$ models, five-dimensional orbifold $SO(10)$ models, and local F-theory $SO(10)$ models. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we introduce one pair of vector-like fermions, which form complete $SU(5)\times U(1)_X$ representation. Proton lifetime is around $5\times 10^{35}$ years, neutrino masses and mixing can be explained via seesaw mechanism, baryon asymmetry can be generated via leptogenesis, and vacuum stability problem can be solved as well. In particular, we propose that inflaton and dark matter particle can be unified to a real scalar field with $Z_2$ symmetry, which is not an axion and does not have the non-minimal coupling to gravity. Such kind of scenarios can be applied to the generic scalar dark matter models. Also, we find that the vector-like particle corrections to the $B_s^0$ masses can be about 6.6%, while their corrections to the $K^0$ and $B_d^0$ masses are negligible.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures;V2: published versio

An Application Study on AI Educational Robots in Spoken English Exercises of Chinese Primary Schools

China’s primary schools offer limited English courses, and the society lacks the environment for naturally acquiring English in everyday life. Students typically have weak spoken English abilities and inadequate application of English. With the aim of addressing this issue, 79 fifth-graders from China’s Hangzhou L elementary school participated in a one-semester AI-assisted English-speaking practice experiment. The control class practiced spoken English by reading English texts aloud, whereas the experimental class practiced for 30 minutes a day using the “AI educational robots + graded picture books + role play” approach. According to the results of the experiment’s post-test, Chinese primary school students regarded the experimental class’s acquisition mode to be highly appealing, this approach was well accepted by both students and parents and brought enthusiasm and good effect of spoken English exercise. The experimental class’s average daily reading time for English role-play reading grew by about 30 minutes, the amount of reading increased by five times, the amount of time spent watching cartoons and playing video games fell by nearly 28 minutes, and the spoken English score climbed by 37 points, representing an increase of 82% when compared to the control class; Additionally, the standard level of pronunciation and intonation has increased by two grades, from “poor” to “good,” and the English final exam scores have increased by roughly 8%. However, there has not been a considerable change in the aforementioned control class indicators. This AI-assisted second language practice technique is affordable, efficient, and helpful and has good implications for second language acquisition in other countries