Involving human resources into strategic organization management

Human resources are important by competences and knowledge’s they have. They are one of the most important organizational assets. Each organization must have clever way to use them. That’s why human resources must be known as strategic partner in organization, not only administrator, because by being part of strategic planning they can reach good results. The most important thing is to find out the way how to use human resources into strategic management and reach organizational effectiveness. Analysis showed that leaders of organization do understand the importance of human resources. According to the results, the most popular strategic theory in the organizations was Classic strategy theory ant this theory has the higher level of involvement of human resources into strategic organization management. Research showed that most organizations are managed in democratic style. This style of management involves human resources more than liberal management style. A correlation was found between organization size and level of human resources involvement. Small and medium size organization has higher level of human resources involvement into strategic organization management. The major part of respondents believe that human resources can affect organization effectiveness. They also agreed that higher human resources involvement level is more valuable

Analysis of interaction between micrornr methyltransferase and rna

miRNAs are 21-24 nt length double-stranded RNA molecules which do not encode anything. They play mayor role in post-transcriptional gene regulation level. These molecules are encoded by various organisms. miRNA maturation depends on the type of the cell (animal or plant). There is an additional step in plants when double stranded miRNA is methylated by HEN1 protein. HEN1 methyltransferase is a novel protein identified in plants. HEN1 protein has high molecular weight (106,6 kDa) and it is multistructural. Its features are not yet investigated. This is the only protein which modifies small RNA molecules by transferring methyl group from cofactor S-adenosil-L-methyonin to the 2′ -OH group of the last 3′ nt. HEN1 proteins is very specific to its substrate and recognizes it not by the nt sequence but by the molecule length and structure. After analysis of homologous proteins HEN1 conservative motives were identified. (Č. Venclovas) Two RNA binding motives (dsRNA-BM and La-type) were identified in the N-terminal region. By using shortened proteins and analyzing those by electrophoretic gel mobility in PAA gel shift it was find out that dsRNA-BM is responsible for binding miRNA. Theoretical structure model was made for dsRNA-BM. After analyzing it four amino acid residues (12K, 22K, 69K, and 70K) which can be important for the formation of protein and RNA complex were identified. After examination of mutant proteins with changed lysines it was determined that 12th lysine is important for protein and RNA interaction. The Comparison of the strength of HEN1 12 protein and RNA interaction it was noted that it is 88 times weaker than HEN1 FL protein. This shows the weak stability of the complex. After comparison of proteins’ specific activity it was determined that proteins with lysines mutations can transfer methyl group quite efficiently. Also it was identified that shortened protein HEN1-ΔR1 has quite high specific activity. All in all it can be concluded that dsRNA-BM is not necessary for methylation reaction. Analysis of 64 nt hairpin structure C/D guide RNA – sR47 shows that HEN1 protein can bind non-canonical structure RNA substrate. Comparison of shortened proteins features shows that not only dsRNA-BM but also methyltransferase domain can bind sR47

Virus Mimetic Poly (I:C)-Primed Airway Exosome-like Particles Enter Brain and Induce Inflammatory Cytokines and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Microglia

Viral infections induce extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing viral material and inflammatory factors. Exosomes can easily cross the blood-brain barrier during respiratory tract infection and transmit the inflammatory signal to the brain; however, such a hypothesis has no experimental evidence. The study investigated whether exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) from virus mimetic poly (I:C)-primed airway cells enter the brain and interact with brain immune cells microglia. Airway cells were isolated from Wistar rats and BALB/c mice; microglial cell cultures—from Wistar rats. ELVs from poly (I:C)-stimulated airway cell culture medium were isolated by precipitation, visualised by transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated by nanoparticle analyser; exosomal markers CD81 and CD9 were determined by ELISA. For in vitro and in vivo tracking, particles were loaded with Alexa Fluor 555-labelled RNA. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by DCFDA fluorescence and mitochondrial superoxide—by MitoSOX. ELVs from poly (I:C)-primed airway cells entered the brain within an hour after intranasal introduction, were internalised by microglia and induced intracellular and intramitochondrial ROS production. There was no ROS increase in microglial cells was after treatment with ELVs from airway cells untreated with poly (I:C). In addition, poly (I:C)-primed airway cells induced inflammatory cytokine expression in the brain. The data indicate that ELVs secreted by virus-primed airway cells might enter the brain, cause the activation of microglial cells and neuroinflammation