論南宋詞所展現的“物趣”、“夢境”與“空間邏輯”的文化意義

對北、南宋詞的評價，浙西兩學者的撰著，清早期的朱彝尊《詞綜》和晚清民國時期的王國維《人間詞話》，二者看法不同。後者揚北宋而抑南宋，直指詞至南宋，已不足觀；而前者卻不一筆抹煞南宋，對其成就、價值亦給予充分的估量。當代詞學，似乎以王氏《人間詞話》影響更巨，本文則顛覆王氏之説，較認同朱氏的觀點。意在宋文化發展面向上來體察北、南宋之際詞的發展嬗變，北宋蘇軾、周邦彦已有出色的詠物詞，而由於種種文化因緣，南宋詞人承襲前人，在詞中發明“物趣”。考索姜夔、史達祖與“物趣”之淵源，進而深入分析當時代表詞人以及宋遺民詞人的詞結構的改變，内含“空間邏輯”之新意，以及詞作特點，他們與北宋詞的直接抒情，顯然已有較大的差異

Is the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase a potential biomarker for glucose monitoring with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder due to defects in insulin secretion or insulin resistance leading to the dysfunction and damage of various organs. To improve the clinical evaluation of short-term blood glycemic variability monitoring, it is critical to identify another blood cell status and nutritional status biomarker that is less susceptible to interference. This study identifies the significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level among T2DM patients treated in outpatient clinics and investigates the relationship of LDH level with other variables.MethodsThis study comprised 72 outpatients with T2DM over 20 years of age. Blood samples were collected followed by a hematological analysis of serum glycated albumin (GA), LDH, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, C-peptide, and insulin antibodies (insulin Ab).ResultsSerum LDH level was significantly correlated with GA (p < 0.001), C-peptide (p = 0.04), insulin Ab (p = 0.03), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (p = 0.04). Hence, we performed a linear regression analysis of hematological markers. GA (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.45) and insulin Ab (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.40) were significantly associated with LDH level. Then, we classified patients into low (<200 U/L) and high (≥200 U/L) serum LDH level groups, respectively. GA (p < 0.001), C-peptide (p = 0.001), and TSH (p = 0.03) showed significant differences in patients with high LDH levels compared with those in patients with low LDH levels.ConclusionIn conclusion, we suggested that LDH level was independent of long-term but associated with short-term blood glucose monitoring. The results indicated that changes in serum GA induced cell damage and the abnormal elevation of the serum level of LDH may occur simultaneously with glycemic variability. It has been reported that many biomarkers are being used to observe glucose variability in T2DM. However, LDH could provide a more convenient and faster evaluation of glycemic variability in T2DM

Impacts of Coulomb Interactions on the Magnetic Responses of Excitonic Complexes in Single Semiconductor Nanostructures

We report on the diamagnetic responses of different exciton complexes in single InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) and quantum rings (QRs). For QDs, the imbalanced magnetic responses of inter-particle Coulomb interactions play a crucial role in the diamagnetic shifts of excitons (X), biexcitons (XX), and positive trions (X−). For negative trions (X−) in QDs, anomalous magnetic responses are observed, which cannot be described by the conventional quadratic energy shift with the magnetic field. The anomalous behavior is attributed to the apparent change in the electron wave function extent after photon emission due to the strong Coulomb attraction by the hole in its initial state. In QRs, the diamagnetic responses of X and XX also show different behaviors. Unlike QDs, the diamagnetic shift of XX in QRs is considerably larger than that of X. The inherent structural asymmetry combined with the inter-particle Coulomb interactions makes the wave function distribution of XX very different from that of X in QRs. Our results suggest that the phase coherence of XX in QRs may survive from the wave function localization due to the structural asymmetry or imperfections

Androgen deprivation modulates the inflammatory response induced by irradiation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to determine whether radiation (RT)-induced inflammatory responses and organ damage might be modulated by androgen deprivation therapies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The mRNA and tissue sections obtained from the lungs, intestines and livers of irradiated mice with or without androgen deprivation were analyzed by real-time PCR and histological analysis. Activation of NF-kappa B was examined by measuring nuclear protein levels in the intestine and lung 24 h after irradiation. We also examined the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TGF-β1 and p-AKT to elucidate the related pathway responsible to irradiation (RT) -induced fibrosis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found androgen deprivation by castration significantly augmented RT-induced inflammation, associated with the increase NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression. However, administration of flutamide had no obvious effect on the radiation-induced inflammation response in the lung and intestine. These different responses were probably due to the increase of RT-induced NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression by castration or lupron treatment. In addition, our data suggest that TGF-β1 and the induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may contribute to RT-induced fibrosis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When irradiation was given to patients with total androgen deprivation, the augmenting effects on the RT-induced inflammation and fibrosis should take into consideration for complications associated with radiotherapy.</p

The pricing of deposit insurance considering bankruptcy costs and closure policies

The paper aims to study the pricing issue of deposit insurance with explicit consideration of bankruptcy costs and closure policies. Full coverage from deposit insurance is imposed by many regulators to stabilize the banking system in the current financial crisis, despite of the potential moral hazard problems. We argue that bankruptcy cost is an important factor in pricing deposit insurance, especially when the insured institution is insolvent. Applying the isomorphic relationship between deposit insurance and put option, we first derive a closed-form solution for the pricing model with bankruptcy costs and closure policies. Then, we modify the barrier option approach to price the deposit insurance in which the bankruptcy cost is set as a function of asset return volatility and more realistic closure policies considering possible forbearance can be accounted for. The properties of the models are supported by numerical simulations and are consistent with the risk-based pricing scheme.Deposit insurance Bankruptcy costs Forbearance Closure policy

Mathematical fitting for the variation in capacity of lithium iron phosphate batteries corresponding to cycles

It is well known that the capacity of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO$_{4}$) batteries decreases as the usage cycles increase. In order to investigate the relationship between the number of charge/discharge cycles and the battery capacity, two batteries were cyclically charged and discharged using an automatic testing system, while simultaneously collecting the capacity data. The tested batteries were composed of different materials and had a capacity of 15 Ah. Each battery was cyclically charged and discharged 800 times. The batteries are analyzed and compared with each other to create fitted curves. The developed mathematical fitting, which consists of both exponential and polynomial terms, is closely responsive to the battery capacity. References W. Su, H. Rahimi-Eichi, W. Zeng and M.-Y. Chow. A survey on the electrification of transportation in a smart grid environment. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform., 8:1&ndash;10, 2012. doi:10.1109/TII.2011.2172454 J. Wang, Z. Sun and X. Wei. Performance and characteristic research in LiFePO$_4$ battery for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Proc. Vehicle Power Propul. Conf., 1657&ndash;1661, 2009. doi:10.1109/VPPC.2009.5289664 T. Kim and W. Qiao. A hybrid battery model capable of capturing dynamic circuit characteristics and nonlinear capacity effects. IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., 26:1172&ndash;1180, 2011. doi:10.1109/TEC.2011.2167014 A. Eddahech, O. Briat and J.-M. Vinassa. Determination of lithium-ion battery state-of-health based on constant-voltage charge phase. J. Power Sources, 258:218&ndash;227, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.020 A. Shafiei, A. Momeni and S. S. Williamson. Battery modeling approaches and management techniques for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE Proc. Vehicle Power Propul. Conf., 1&ndash;5, 2011. doi:10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043191 M. Chen and G. A. Rincon-Mora. Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and i-v performance. IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., 21:504&ndash;511, 2006. doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.874229 L. Gao, S. Liu and R. A. Dougal. Dynamic lithium-ion battery model for system simulation. IEEE Trans. Comp. Pack. Tech., 25:495&ndash;505, 2002. doi:10.1109/TCAPT.2002.803653 O. Erdinc, B. Vural and M. Uzunoglu. A dynamic lithium-ion battery model considering the effects of temperature and capacity fading. IEEE Inter. Conf. Clean Elec. Power, 383&ndash;386, 2009. doi:10.1109/ICCEP.2009.5212025 B. Schweighofer, K. M. Raab and G. Brasseur. Modeling of high power automotive batteries by the use of an automated test system. IEEE T. Instrum. Meas., 52:1087&ndash;1091, 2003. doi:10.1109/TIM.2003.814827 S.-Y. Lee, W.-L. Chiu, Y.-S. Liao, K.-Y. Lee, J.-H. Chen, H.-J. Lin and K. Li. Modified empirical fitting of the discharge behavior of LiFePO$_4$ batteries under various conditions. ANZIAM J., 55:368&ndash;383, 2014. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v55i0.8182 S. Flandrois and B. Simon. Carbon materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Carbon, 37:165&ndash;180, 1999. doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00290-5 H. Li and H. Zhou. Enhancing the performances of Li-ion batteries by carbon-coating: present and future. Chem. Comm., 48:1201&ndash;1217, 2012. doi:10.1039/C1CC14764A J. Wang and X. Sun. Understanding and recent development of carbon coating on LiFePO$_4$ cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Energ. Environ. Sci., 5:5163&ndash;5185, 2012. doi:10.1039/C1EE01263K P. Bai and M. Z. Bazant. Charge transfer kinetics at the solid-solid interface in porous electrodes. Nature Comm., 5:3585, 2014. doi:10.1038/ncomms458