46,744 research outputs found
Vacuum polarization for neutral particles in 2+1 dimensions
In 2+1 dimensions there exists a duality between a charged Dirac particle
coupled minimally to a background vector potential and a neutral one coupled
nonminimally to a background electromagnetic field strength. A constant uniform
background electric current induces in the vacuum of the neutral particle a
fermion current which is proportional to the background one. A background
electromagnetic plane wave induces no current in the vacuum. For constant but
nonuniform background electric charge, known results for charged particles can
be translated to give the induced fermion number. Some new examples with
infinite background electric charge are presented. The induced spin and total
angular momentum are also discussed.Comment: REVTeX, 7 pages, no figur
MEMS flow sensors for nano-fluidic applications
This paper presents micromachined thermal sensors for measuring liquid flow rates in the nanoliter-per-minute range. The sensors use a boron-doped polysilicon thinfilm heater that is embedded in the silicon nitride wall of a microchannel. The boron doping is chosen to increase the heater’s temperature coefficient of resistance within tolerable noise limits, and the microchannel is suspended from the substrate to improve thermal isolation. The sensors have demonstrated a flow rate resolution below 10 nL/min, as well as the capability for detecting micro bubbles in the liquid. Heat transfer simulation has also been performed to explain the sensor operation and yielded good agreement with experimental data
Block-block entanglement and quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional extended Hubbard model
In this paper, we study block-block entanglement in the ground state of
one-dimensional extended Hubbard model. Our results show that the phase diagram
derived from the block-block entanglement manifests richer structure than that
of the local (single site) entanglement because it comprises nonlocal
correlation. Besides phases characterized by the charge-density-wave, the
spin-density-wave, and phase-separation, which can be sketched out by the local
entanglement, singlet superconductivity phase could be identified on the
contour map of the block-block entanglement. Scaling analysis shows that behavior of the block-block entanglement may exist in both
non-critical and the critical regions, while some local extremum are induced by
the finite-size effect. We also study the block-block entanglement defined in
the momentum space and discuss its relation to the phase transition from
singlet superconducting state to the charge-density-wave state.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Multiband effects on the conductivity for a multiband Hubbard model
The newly discovered iron-based superconductors have attracted lots of
interests, and the corresponding theoretical studies suggest that the system
should have six bands. In this paper, we study the multiband effects on the
conductivity based on the exact solutions of one-dimensional two-band Hubbard
model. We find that the orbital degree of freedom might enhance the critical
value of on-site interaction of the transition from a metal to an
insulator. This observation is helpful to understand why undoped High-
superconductors are usually insulators, while recently discovered iron-based
superconductors are metal. Our results imply that the orbital degree of freedom
in the latter cases might play an essential role.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Hawking Radiation of an Arbitrarily Accelerating Kinnersley Black Hole: Spin-Acceleration Coupling Effect
The Hawking radiation of Weyl neutrinos in an arbitrarily accelerating
Kinnersley black hole is investigated by using a method of the generalized
tortoise coordinate transformation. Both the location and temperature of the
event horizon depend on the time and on the angles. They coincide with previous
results, but the thermal radiation spectrum of massless spinor particles
displays a kind of spin-acceleration coupling effect.Comment: 8 pages, no figure, revtex 4.0, revisted version with typesetting
errors and misprint correcte
Entanglement and quantum phase transition in the extended Hubbard model
We study quantum entanglement in one-dimensional correlated fermionic system.
Our results show, for the first time, that entanglement can be used to identify
quantum phase transitions in fermionic systems.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Gamma-Ray Bursts are Produced Predominately in the Early Universe
It is known that some observed gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced at
cosmological distances and that the GRB production rate may follow the star
formation rate. We model the BATSE-detected intensity distribution of long GRBs
in order to determine their space density distribution and opening angle
distribution. Our main results are: the lower and upper distance limits to the
GRB production are z 0.24 and >10, respectively; the GRB opening angle follows
an exponential distribution and the mean opening angle is about 0.03 radians;
and the peak luminosity appears to be a better standard candle than the total
energy of a GRB.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figur
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