75,933 research outputs found
Superconducting Vortices induced Periodic Magnetoresistance Oscillations in Single Crystal Au Nanowires
We show in this paper that it is possible to induce superconducting vortices
in a gold nanowire connected to superconducting electrodes. The gold nanowire
acquires superconductivity by the proximity effect. The differential
magnetoresistance of the nanowire beyond a critical magnetic field shows
uniform oscillations with increasing field with a period of \phi0/(2\pir^2)
(\phi0 = h/2e is the superconducting flux quantum, r = 35 nm is the radius of
the nanowire). We demonstrate that these periodic oscillations are the
signatures of the sequential generation and moving of vortices across the gold
nanowire
Seeing the invisible: The scope and limits of unconscious processing in binocular rivalry
When an image is presented to one eye and a very different image is presented to the corresponding location of the other eye, they compete for conscious representation, such that only one image is visible at a time while the other is suppressed. Called binocular rivalry, this phenomenon and its deviants have been extensively exploited to study the mechanism and neural correlates of consciousness. In this paper, we propose a framework, the unconscious binding hypothesis, to distinguish unconscious processing from conscious processing. According to this framework, the unconscious mind not only encodes individual features but also temporally binds distributed features to give rise to cortical representation, but unlike conscious binding, such unconscious binding is fragile. Under this framework, we review evidence from psychophysical and neuroimaging studies, which suggests that: (1) for invisible low level features, prolonged exposure to visual pattern and simple translational motion can alter the appearance of subsequent visible features (i.e. adaptation); for invisible high level features, although complex spiral motion cannot produce adaptation, nor can objects/words enhance subsequent processing of related stimuli (i.e. priming), images of tools can nevertheless activate the dorsal pathway; and (2) although invisible central cues cannot orient attention, invisible erotic pictures in the periphery can nevertheless guide attention, likely through emotional arousal; reciprocally, the processing of invisible information can be modulated by attention at perceptual and neural levels
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