75 research outputs found
The Acquisition of Words’ Meaning Based on Constructivism
Students do need opportunities and guidance to acquire the meaning of the word and make the words active. Constructivism stresses that word meaning cannot be assimilated by the child in a ready-made form but have to undergo a certain development. The acquisition of the words meaning depends on the cooperation between the student and the teacher. The aim of this paper is to expound how we can take advantage of the theory of Constructivism to help the students acquire the meaning of the words. Constructivists hold that education should be concerned with helping people to make their own meanings and teachers should present learners with problem-solving activities. Students are hosts. Teachers are instructors and helpers. They emphasize students’ important role in learning. Only when we adopt this, can we improve students’ thinking ability and realize the sustainable development in students’ acquisition of vocabulary
Tractable MCMC for Private Learning with Pure and Gaussian Differential Privacy
Posterior sampling, i.e., exponential mechanism to sample from the posterior
distribution, provides -pure differential privacy (DP) guarantees
and does not suffer from potentially unbounded privacy breach introduced by
-approximate DP. In practice, however, one needs to apply
approximate sampling methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), thus
re-introducing the unappealing -approximation error into the privacy
guarantees. To bridge this gap, we propose the Approximate SAample Perturbation
(abbr. ASAP) algorithm which perturbs an MCMC sample with noise proportional to
its Wasserstein-infinity () distance from a reference distribution
that satisfies pure DP or pure Gaussian DP (i.e., ). We then leverage
a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to generate the sample and prove that the
algorithm converges in W distance. We show that by combining our new
techniques with a careful localization step, we obtain the first nearly
linear-time algorithm that achieves the optimal rates in the DP-ERM problem
with strongly convex and smooth losses
Combining Context and Knowledge Representations for Chemical-Disease Relation Extraction
Automatically extracting the relationships between chemicals and diseases is
significantly important to various areas of biomedical research and health
care. Biomedical experts have built many large-scale knowledge bases (KBs) to
advance the development of biomedical research. KBs contain huge amounts of
structured information about entities and relationships, therefore plays a
pivotal role in chemical-disease relation (CDR) extraction. However, previous
researches pay less attention to the prior knowledge existing in KBs. This
paper proposes a neural network-based attention model (NAM) for CDR extraction,
which makes full use of context information in documents and prior knowledge in
KBs. For a pair of entities in a document, an attention mechanism is employed
to select important context words with respect to the relation representations
learned from KBs. Experiments on the BioCreative V CDR dataset show that
combining context and knowledge representations through the attention
mechanism, could significantly improve the CDR extraction performance while
achieve comparable results with state-of-the-art systems.Comment: Published on IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and
Bioinformatics, 11 pages, 5 figure
Recommended from our members
Crk proteins transduce FGF signaling to promote lens fiber cell elongation
Specific cell shapes are fundamental to the organization and function of multicellular organisms. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling induces the elongation of lens fiber cells during vertebrate lens development. Nonetheless, exactly how this extracellular FGF signal is transmitted to the cytoskeletal network has previously not been determined. Here, we show that the Crk family of adaptor proteins, Crk and Crkl, are required for mouse lens morphogenesis but not differentiation. Genetic ablation and epistasis experiments demonstrated that Crk and Crkl play overlapping roles downstream of FGF signaling in order to regulate lens fiber cell elongation. Upon FGF stimulation, Crk proteins were found to interact with Frs2, Shp2 and Grb2. The loss of Crk proteins was partially compensated for by the activation of Ras and Rac signaling. These results reveal that Crk proteins are important partners of the Frs2/Shp2/Grb2 complex in mediating FGF signaling, specifically promoting cell shape changes
Hemophilia a patients with inhibitors: Mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic implications
The development of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitory antibodies is a serious complication in hemophilia A (HA) patients after FVIII replacement therapy. Inhibitors render regular prophylaxis ineffective and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Immune tolerance induction (ITI) regimens have become the only clinically proven therapy for eradicating these inhibitors. However, this is a lengthy and costly strategy. For HA patients with high titer inhibitors, bypassing or new hemostatic agents must be used in clinical prophylaxis due to the ineffective ITI regimens. Since multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of inhibitor generation, understanding the mechanisms by which inhibitors develop could help identify critical targets that can be exploited to prevent or eradicate inhibitors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances related to mechanistic insights into anti-FVIII antibody development and discuss novel therapeutic approaches for HA patients with inhibitors
- …