War Shelters Inspired by Nature: Design Model for Contingency Troop Housing Based on Biomimetic Principles

Hundreds of thousands of U.S. military are serving in the Middle East in support of the War on Terrorism. Aside from the danger that soldiers have to face every day, they are challenged by the harsh desert climate conditions, which greatly affect their quality of life. The only means of thermal comfort there is largely governed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems that are powered by fossil fuels, one of the greatest contributors to global warming. Biomimicry, a new discipline that studies nature’s best biological ideas and then imitates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems, is the recommended approach to sustainable design. The purpose of this project is to develop a design model that offers comfort and protection for troop shelters based on biomimetic principles. The final design proposal is a synthesis of three important aspects of the research: the recognition of global warming challenges, the confinement of military standards, and the interpretation of nine biomimetic design principles extracted from the study of desert plants and animals. A detailed outline of the biomimetic design principles along with a clear understanding of the different phases of contingency construction formalized the initial context of the new war shelter. The final design example is a burrowed and bermed living space that is sheltered by a modular panelized roof and wall system. Through a combination of building and model simulation and a comprehensive comparative analysis that factors in every numerous variables of design, one can conclude that a low greenhouse gas emission design model for troop shelters that provides comfort and protection can be achieved by using biomimetic principles. The principle of burrowing in particular demonstrated the strongest improvement in both the thermal comfort and protection in a desert contingency environment. Meanwhile, the range and level of improvements in the comfort and protection need to be further supported by scientific and quantitative data. Biomimcry is a relatively new discipline and is open to many different interpretations. Unlike other design approaches, biomimicry is research and scientific driven, which means it is a less subjective and more valid approach to green design solutions. The design example provided is not the ultimate solution for the improvement of war shelters in a contingency environment. It merely serves as an experiment and exploration of the many possibilities that nature can offer to improve the comfort and protection housing in a desert environment throughout the world.Hundreds of thousands of U.S. military are serving in the Middle East in support of the War on Terrorism. Aside from the danger that soldiers have to face every day, they are challenged by the harsh desert climate conditions, which greatly affect their quality of life. The only means of thermal comfort there is largely governed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems that are powered by fossil fuels, one of the greatest contributors to global warming. Biomimicry, a new discipline that studies nature’s best biological ideas and then imitates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems, is the recommended approach to sustainable design. The purpose of this project is to develop a design model that offers comfort and protection for troop shelters based on biomimetic principles. The final design proposal is a synthesis of three important aspects of the research: the recognition of global warming challenges, the confinement of military standards, and the interpretation of nine biomimetic design principles extracted from the study of desert plants and animals. A detailed outline of the biomimetic design principles along with a clear understanding of the different phases of contingency construction formalized the initial context of the new war shelter. The final design example is a burrowed and bermed living space that is sheltered by a modular panelized roof and wall system. Through a combination of building and model simulation and a comprehensive comparative analysis that factors in every numerous variables of design, one can conclude that a low greenhouse gas emission design model for troop shelters that provides comfort and protection can be achieved by using biomimetic principles. The principle of burrowing in particular demonstrated the strongest improvement in both the thermal comfort and protection in a desert contingency environment. Meanwhile, the range and level of improvements in the comfort and protection need to be further supported by scientific and quantitative data. Biomimcry is a relatively new discipline and is open to many different interpretations. Unlike other design approaches, biomimicry is research and scientific driven, which means it is a less subjective and more valid approach to green design solutions. The design example provided is not the ultimate solution for the improvement of war shelters in a contingency environment. It merely serves as an experiment and exploration of the many possibilities that nature can offer to improve the comfort and protection housing in a desert environment throughout the world.Hundreds of thousands of U.S. military are serving in the Middle East in support of the War on Terrorism. Aside from the danger that soldiers have to face every day, they are challenged by the harsh desert climate conditions, which greatly affect their quality of life. The only means of thermal comfort there is largely governed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems that are powered by fossil fuels, one of the greatest contributors to global warming. Biomimicry, a new discipline that studies nature’s best biological ideas and then imitates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems, is the recommended approach to sustainable design. The purpose of this project is to develop a design model that offers comfort and protection for troop shelters based on biomimetic principles. The final design proposal is a synthesis of three important aspects of the research: the recognition of global warming challenges, the confinement of military standards, and the interpretation of nine biomimetic design principles extracted from the study of desert plants and animals. A detailed outline of the biomimetic design principles along with a clear understanding of the different phases of contingency construction formalized the initial context of the new war shelter. The final design example is a burrowed and bermed living space that is sheltered by a modular panelized roof and wall system. Through a combination of building and model simulation and a comprehensive comparative analysis that factors in every numerous variables of design, one can conclude that a low greenhouse gas emission design model for troop shelters that provides comfort and protection can be achieved by using biomimetic principles. The principle of burrowing in particular demonstrated the strongest improvement in both the thermal comfort and protection in a desert contingency environment. Meanwhile, the range and level of improvements in the comfort and protection need to be further supported by scientific and quantitative data. Biomimcry is a relatively new discipline and is open to many different interpretations. Unlike other design approaches, biomimicry is research and scientific driven, which means it is a less subjective and more valid approach to green design solutions. The design example provided is not the ultimate solution for the improvement of war shelters in a contingency environment. It merely serves as an experiment and exploration of the many possibilities that nature can offer to improve the comfort and protection housing in a desert environment throughout the world.Hundreds of thousands of U.S. military are serving in the Middle East in support of the War on Terrorism. Aside from the danger that soldiers have to face every day, they are challenged by the harsh desert climate conditions, which greatly affect their quality of life. The only means of thermal comfort there is largely governed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems that are powered by fossil fuels, one of the greatest contributors to global warming. Biomimicry, a new discipline that studies nature’s best biological ideas and then imitates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems, is the recommended approach to sustainable design. The purpose of this project is to develop a design model that offers comfort and protection for troop shelters based on biomimetic principles. The final design proposal is a synthesis of three important aspects of the research: the recognition of global warming challenges, the confinement of military standards, and the interpretation of nine biomimetic design principles extracted from the study of desert plants and animals. A detailed outline of the biomimetic design principles along with a clear understanding of the different phases of contingency construction formalized the initial context of the new war shelter. The final design example is a burrowed and bermed living space that is sheltered by a modular panelized roof and wall system. Through a combination of building and model simulation and a comprehensive comparative analysis that factors in every numerous variables of design, one can conclude that a low greenhouse gas emission design model for troop shelters that provides comfort and protection can be achieved by using biomimetic principles. The principle of burrowing in particular demonstrated the strongest improvement in both the thermal comfort and protection in a desert contingency environment. Meanwhile, the range and level of improvements in the comfort and protection need to be further supported by scientific and quantitative data. Biomimcry is a relatively new discipline and is open to many different interpretations. Unlike other design approaches, biomimicry is research and scientific driven, which means it is a less subjective and more valid approach to green design solutions. The design example provided is not the ultimate solution for the improvement of war shelters in a contingency environment. It merely serves as an experiment and exploration of the many possibilities that nature can offer to improve the comfort and protection housing in a desert environment throughout the world.Hundreds of thousands of U.S. military are serving in the Middle East in support of the War on Terrorism. Aside from the danger that soldiers have to face every day, they are challenged by the harsh desert climate conditions, which greatly affect their quality of life. The only means of thermal comfort there is largely governed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems that are powered by fossil fuels, one of the greatest contributors to global warming. Biomimicry, a new discipline that studies nature’s best biological ideas and then imitates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems, is the recommended approach to sustainable design. The purpose of this project is to develop a design model that offers comfort and protection for troop shelters based on biomimetic principles. The final design proposal is a synthesis of three important aspects of the research: the recognition of global warming challenges, the confinement of military standards, and the interpretation of nine biomimetic design principles extracted from the study of desert plants and animals. A detailed outline of the biomimetic design principles along with a clear understanding of the different phases of contingency construction formalized the initial context of the new war shelter. The final design example is a burrowed and bermed living space that is sheltered by a modular panelized roof and wall system. Through a combination of building and model simulation and a comprehensive comparative analysis that factors in every numerous variables of design, one can conclude that a low greenhouse gas emission design model for troop shelters that provides comfort and protection can be achieved by using biomimetic principles. The principle of burrowing in particular demonstrated the strongest improvement in both the thermal comfort and protection in a desert contingency environment. Meanwhile, the range and level of improvements in the comfort and protection need to be further supported by scientific and quantitative data. Biomimcry is a relatively new discipline and is open to many different interpretations. Unlike other design approaches, biomimicry is research and scientific driven, which means it is a less subjective and more valid approach to green design solutions. The design example provided is not the ultimate solution for the improvement of war shelters in a contingency environment. It merely serves as an experiment and exploration of the many possibilities that nature can offer to improve the comfort and protection housing in a desert environment throughout the world.Hundreds of thousands of U.S. military are serving in the Middle East in support of the War on Terrorism. Aside from the danger that soldiers have to face every day, they are challenged by the harsh desert climate conditions, which greatly affect their quality of life. The only means of thermal comfort there is largely governed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems that are powered by fossil fuels, one of the greatest contributors to global warming. Biomimicry, a new discipline that studies nature’s best biological ideas and then imitates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems, is the recommended approach to sustainable design. The purpose of this project is to develop a design model that offers comfort and protection for troop shelters based on biomimetic principles. The final design proposal is a synthesis of three important aspects of the research: the recognition of global warming challenges, the confinement of military standards, and the interpretation of nine biomimetic design principles extracted from the study of desert plants and animals. A detailed outline of the biomimetic design principles along with a clear understanding of the different phases of contingency construction formalized the initial context of the new war shelter. The final design example is a burrowed and bermed living space that is sheltered by a modular panelized roof and wall system. Through a combination of building and model simulation and a comprehensive comparative analysis that factors in every numerous variables of design, one can conclude that a low greenhouse gas emission design model for troop shelters that provides comfort and protection can be achieved by using biomimetic principles. The principle of burrowing in particular demonstrated the strongest improvement in both the thermal comfort and protection in a desert contingency environment. Meanwhile, the range and level of improvements in the comfort and protection need to be further supported by scientific and quantitative data. Biomimcry is a relatively new discipline and is open to many different interpretations. Unlike other design approaches, biomimicry is research and scientific driven, which means it is a less subjective and more valid approach to green design solutions. The design example provided is not the ultimate solution for the improvement of war shelters in a contingency environment. It merely serves as an experiment and exploration of the many possibilities that nature can offer to improve the comfort and protection housing in a desert environment throughout the world

Random-Singlet Phase in Disordered Two-Dimensional Quantum Magnets

We study effects of disorder (randomness) in a 2D square-lattice $S=1/2$ quantum spin system, the $J$-$Q$ model with a 6-spin interaction $Q$ supplementing the Heisenberg exchange $J$. In the absence of disorder the system hosts antiferromagnetic (AFM) and columnar valence-bond-solid (VBS) ground states. The VBS breaks $Z_4$ symmetry, and in the presence of arbitrarily weak disorder it forms domains. Using QMC simulations, we demonstrate two kinds of such disordered VBS states. Upon dilution, a removed site leaves a localized spin in the opposite sublattice. These spins form AFM order. For random interactions, we find a different state, with no order but algebraically decaying mean correlations. We identify localized spinons at the nexus of domain walls between different VBS patterns. These spinons form correlated groups with the same number of spinons and antispinons. Within such a group, there is a strong tendency to singlet formation, because of spinon-spinon interactions mediated by the domain walls. Thus, no long-range AFM order forms. We propose that this state is a 2D analog of the well-known 1D random singlet (RS) state, though the dynamic exponent $z$ in 2D is finite. By studying the T-dependent magnetic susceptibility, we find that $z$ varies, from $z=2$ at the AFM--RS phase boundary and larger in the RS phase The RS state discovered here in a system without geometric frustration should correspond to the same fixed point as the RS state recently proposed for frustrated systems, and the ability to study it without Monte Carlo sign problems opens up opportunities for further detailed characterization of its static and dynamic properties. We also discuss experimental evidence of the RS phase in the quasi-two-dimensional square-lattice random-exchange quantum magnets Sr$_2$CuTe$_{1-x}$W$_x$O$_6$.Comment: 31 pages, 29 figures; substantial additions in v2; additional analysis in v

Random-singlet phase in disordered two-dimensional quantum magnets

We study effects of disorder (randomness) in a 2D square-lattice S=1/2 quantum spin system, the J-Q model with a 6-spin interaction Q supplementing the Heisenberg exchange J. In the absence of disorder the system hosts antiferromagnetic (AFM) and columnar valence-bond-solid (VBS) ground states. The VBS breaks Z4 symmetry, and in the presence of arbitrarily weak disorder it forms domains. Using QMC simulations, we demonstrate two kinds of such disordered VBS states. Upon dilution, a removed site leaves a localized spin in the opposite sublattice. These spins form AFM order. For random interactions, we find a different state, with no order but algebraically decaying mean correlations. We identify localized spinons at the nexus of domain walls between different VBS patterns. These spinons form correlated groups with the same number of spinons and antispinons. Within such a group, there is a strong tendency to singlet formation, because of spinon-spinon interactions mediated by the domain walls. Thus, no long-range AFM order forms. We propose that this state is a 2D analog of the well-known 1D random singlet (RS) state, though the dynamic exponent z in 2D is finite. By studying the T-dependent magnetic susceptibility, we find that z varies, from z=2 at the AFM--RS phase boundary and larger in the RS phase The RS state discovered here in a system without geometric frustration should correspond to the same fixed point as the RS state recently proposed for frustrated systems, and the ability to study it without Monte Carlo sign problems opens up opportunities for further detailed characterization of its static and dynamic properties. We also discuss experimental evidence of the RS phase in the quasi-two-dimensional square-lattice random-exchange quantum magnets Sr2CuTe1−xWxO6.Accepted manuscrip

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on fuzzy neural network and chaos theory

Awareness of the importance to make system reliable has been raised from engineering practice, and fault diagnosis of rolling bearing must be taken seriously. Although numerous studies on fault diagnosis have been carried out, there are still a number of key technical issues. Uncertain problem is one of them. Fault diagnosis based on fuzzy neural network and chaos theory can solve uncertain problem essentially, moreover it is easy to understand because of it is based on human language, the system features is easy to maintain. Therefore it is an effective method to diagnosis complex system. The input nodes of fuzzy neural network is designed by using the minimum embedding dimension of phase space reconstruction, constructing the residual generator based on fuzzy neural network and chaos theory. We can effectively detect the signal which has chaotic and fuzzy property through a reasonable evaluation of the prediction error. And it is applied to the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing, to some extent, solving the problems of complex system modeling and fault feature extraction based on fuzzy theory

Sorting genomes with rearrangements and segmental duplications through trajectory graphs

We study the problem of sorting genomes under an evolutionary model that includes genomic rearrangements and segmental duplications. We propose an iterative algorithm to improve any initial evolutionary trajectory between two genomes in terms of parsimony. Our algorithm is based on a new graphical model, the trajectory graph, which models not only the final states of two genomes but also an existing evolutionary trajectory between them. We show that redundant rearrangements in the trajectory correspond to certain cycles in the trajectory graph, and prove that our algorithm converges to an optimal trajectory for any initial trajectory involving only rearrangements

Computation-Performance Optimization of Convolutional Neural Networks with Redundant Kernel Removal

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely employed in modern computer vision algorithms, where the input image is convolved iteratively by many kernels to extract the knowledge behind it. However, with the depth of convolutional layers getting deeper and deeper in recent years, the enormous computational complexity makes it difficult to be deployed on embedded systems with limited hardware resources. In this paper, we propose two computation-performance optimization methods to reduce the redundant convolution kernels of a CNN with performance and architecture constraints, and apply it to a network for super resolution (SR). Using PSNR drop compared to the original network as the performance criterion, our method can get the optimal PSNR under a certain computation budget constraint. On the other hand, our method is also capable of minimizing the computation required under a given PSNR drop.Comment: This paper was accepted by 2018 The International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS

Top quark pair production at small transverse momentum in hadronic collisions

We investigate the transverse momentum resummation for top quark pair production at hadron colliders using the soft-collinear effective theory and the heavy-quark effective theory. We derive the factorization formula for $t\bar{t}$ production at small pair transverse momentum, and show in detail the procedure for calculating the key ingredient of the factorization formula: the next-to-leading order soft functions. We compare our numerical results with experimental data and find that they are consistent within theoretical and experimental uncertainties. To verify the correctness of our resummation formula, we expand it to the next-to-leading order and the next-to-next-to-leading order, and compare those expressions with the exact fixed-order results numerically. Finally, using the results of transverse momentum resummation, we discuss the transverse-momentum-dependent forward-backward asymmetry at the Tevatron.Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; final version in PR

Multivariable Control of Double Effect Heat Integrated Distillation Columns.

The design of a reliable control scheme and efficient computer control algorithm for the double effect heat integrated distillation columns under floating pressure operation to control four product compositions on setpoint specifications has been studied. The system includes a pair of distillation columns with the vapors of one column providing the heat source for the other column. The economic profitabilities of four different configurations of the double effect heat integrated distillation columns for the methanol and water system have been investigated using the ASPEN PLUS process simulation program. Three of the four configurations of the double effect heat integrated columns have been shown to be very profitable because the payout time to invest in an additional column is less than one year. The energy balance control scheme, the material balance control scheme, the modified material balance control scheme, and Ryskamp\u27s control scheme have been compared using the feedback PI control algorithm and the multivariable Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) algorithm based on simulation. The dynamic simulation program, which has features to calculate the thermodynamic properties using nonideal solution models and which allows the column pressure to vary with time, has been constructed employing Gear\u27s implicit integrator. When the feedback PI control algorithm is used, the rank of the performance of the control schemes is, in descending order, Ryskamp\u27s control scheme, the energy balance control scheme, the modified material balance control scheme, and the material balance control scheme. When the DMC control algorithm is applied, the performance of the energy balance control scheme is superior to that of Ryskamp\u27s control scheme and the material balance control scheme. The DMC control algorithm has been proved to work well even though the dynamic matrix does not accurately represent the process