Classical model existence and left resolution

By analyzing what are necessary conditions in the proof [4] of the classical model existence theorem CME (every consistent set has a classical model), we present the left resolution Gentzen systems R(¬,-), which proof-theoretically characterize CME

Cable Release Latch Operating Mechanism

A technique is disclosed to operate cable release latches which are not accessible by a user\u27s fingers

A study of ink trapping comparing gravimetric and densitometric methods of measurement

In 1958, Preucil suggested an equation to calculate ink trap based on measurements of a printed sheet with a densitometer. Preucil\u27s equation was based on the additivity rule and the proportional rule. However, these rules do not hold in all cases. Several alternative equations have been suggested. This study intends to examine the effectiveness of three ink trap equations using densitometry by means of comparing the calculated values to those measured by the gravimetric method. An attempt is also made to estimate the value of maximum printable density, Dm, in Hamilton\u27s equation. The theoretical basis of each equation is briefly introduced. The causes attributing to the failure of additivity and proportionality are discussed as well. Also reviewed are several methods for measuring ink trap, such as colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and magnetic methods, and factors involved in the efficiency of ink trapping. In the experiment, two newsprint and one coated paper were printed with cyan, magenta, and yellow ink in a simulated wet-on-wet condition on the IGT printability tester. Each ink had a specific tack. The second-down inks were transferred on the first ink layers with low, medium, and high thickness. The percent ink trapping on printed strips were then calculated by both the densitometric methods and the gravimetric method. The factors causing poor trapping and back-trap in the experiment are discussed. Preucil\u27s equation was found to correspond better with gravimetric trap values than Brunner\u27s equation. However, both under estimated ink trap in the majority of the tested conditions. As the ink trap measured gravimetrically increased, the discrepancy of ink trap calculated by Preucil\u27s equation increased. This applied to Brunner\u27s equation as well, but not obviously to Hamilton\u27s equation. Hamilton\u27s equation proved to reduce the differences between gravimetric ink trap and densitometric ink trap significantly. A Dm value of 1.59 for newsprint A, 1.99 for newsprint B, and 2.5 for coated paper resulted in the greatest accuracy over the conditions tested. When the Dm value approaches infinity, Hamilton\u27s equation becomes the equivalent of Preucil\u27s equation. The experiment suggests that a range of Dm values between 1.5 and 2.5 was suitable for the tested conditions. For future research, a larger selection of various types of papers and inks are needed to specify a Dm value for general conditions. It might also be useful to specify a theoretical maximum printable density for general conditions, with which the maximum printable density of a given paper can be compared. Thus, the reproduction quality of the paper can be predicted before the printing is conducted. Since the effects of back-trap and ink contamination influence the accuracy of Hamilton\u27s equation in this experiment, studies for compensating this inaccuracy are suggested

Oral Nitrate Supplementation Differentially Modulates Cerebral Artery Blood Velocity and Prefrontal Tissue Oxygenation During 15 km Time-Trial Cycling in Normoxia but Not in Hypoxia.

<b>Background:</b> Nitrate is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), an important regulator of cerebral perfusion in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Nitrate supplementation could be used to improve cerebral perfusion and oxygenation during exercise in hypoxia. The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on cerebral haemodynamics during exercise in severe hypoxia (arterial O <sub>2</sub> saturation < 70%) have not been explored. <b>Methods:</b> In twelve trained male cyclists, we measured blood pressure (BP), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) and prefrontal oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin concentration (O <sub>2</sub> Hb and HHb, respectively) during 15 km cycling time trials (TT) in normoxia and severe hypoxia (11% inspired O <sub>2</sub> , peripheral O <sub>2</sub> saturation ∼66%) following 3-day oral supplementation with placebo or sodium nitrate (0.1 mmol/kg/day) in a randomised, double-blinded manner. We tested the hypothesis that dietary nitrate supplementation increases MCAv and cerebral O <sub>2</sub> Hb during TT in severe hypoxia. <b>Results:</b> During TT in normoxia, nitrate supplementation lowered MCAv by ∼2.3 cm/s and increased cerebral O <sub>2</sub> Hb by ∼6.8 μM and HHb by ∼2.1 μM compared to normoxia placebo ( <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01 for all), while BP tended to be lowered ( <i>p</i> = 0.06). During TT in severe hypoxia, nitrate supplementation elevated MCAv (by ∼2.5 cm/s) and BP (by ∼5 mmHg) compared to hypoxia placebo ( <i>p</i> < 0.01 for both), while it had no effect on cerebral O <sub>2</sub> Hb ( <i>p</i> = 0.98), HHb ( <i>p</i> = 0.07) or PETCO <sub>2</sub> ( <i>p</i> = 0.12). Dietary nitrate had no effect of CVR during TT in normoxia or hypoxia ( <i>p</i> = 0.19). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings indicate that during normoxic TT, the modulatory effect of dietary nitrate on regional and global cerebral perfusion is heterogeneous. Meanwhile, the lack of major changes in cerebral perfusion with dietary nitrate during hypoxic TT alludes to an exhausted cerebrovascular reserve

Transport properties of strongly correlated 2D electrons confined in microchannels

Wigner crystal is the solid phase of strongly correlated electrons. The main theme of this thesis work is employing a two-dimensional Wigner solid (WS) formed on the surface of liquid helium to probe interplay between, on the one hand, strong internal forces arising from electron-electron interaction and, on the other hand, external forces due to substrate and applied electrostatic potentials. To accomplish these studies we developed and employed a number of microchannel devices to confine WS system and measure its transport properties. First, we characterize the transport properties of a homogeneous electron crystal, an island of WS, and an inhomogeneous electron crystal in a microchannel geometry. We show how interplay between transport regimes of two individual electron crystals effect the overall I-V curves. A further study of WS system of varied size demonstrates how the energy dissipates from the edges of electron crystal through emission of ripplons, which thus affects the breaking of the strong coupling of WS with substrate excitations. Then, by introducing an external spatial periodic potential, we observed suppression of WS-ripplon coupling and re-entrant melting of WS when the amplitude of external potential is sufficiently high. We interpret these phenomena as arising from the structural phase transitions in WS confined in a microchannel with spatially varied potential. This work is also relevant to the general study of the Frenkel-Kontorova model of interacting particles subject to a periodic substrate potential. Finally, some interesting features in the transport of strongly-correlated electrons have been studied in a T-shaped microchannel geometry. In particular, experiments showed a breakdown of the conventional Drude bahaviour at sufficiently low temperatures and high electron densities, which could be due to effect of inertia of the surface excitations coupled to the WS.Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Universit

The Impacts of Working Conditions and Employee Competences of Fresh Graduates on Job Expertise, Salary and Job Satisfaction

This study explores the factors that have critical impacts on job expertise and further analyses on how the jobs affect salary and job satisfaction. Job seekers consider the working conditions when seeking jobs. However, he/she will acquire an ideal job or not, it depends on his/her employee competences. The former is his/her job demands and expectations and the latter is the ability he/she has. These two factors determine his/her job expertise which further influences the salary and job satisfaction.The data are collected from those new graduates who entering the workforce from Taiwan's universities in 2009 and structural equation modeling is applied for data analysis. Three findings are presented. First of all, the correlation coefficient is 0.40 which indicates strong relationship when it comes to the relation of employee competences and working conditions. Secondly, employee competences have significantly positive impacts on job expertise, salary and job satisfaction. However, working conditions have significantly negative impacts on salary. Finally, job expertise has significantly positive impacts on salary and job satisfaction but salary has no significant impacts on job satisfaction

Harvesting Green Energy from Blue Ocean in Taiwan: Patent Mapping and Regulation Analyzing

Taiwan is an island with abundant oceanic resources but devoid of resources to significantly utilize ocean power. In fact, the Taiwanese government has initiated several renewable energy policies to transform its energy supply structure from brown (fossil fuel-based) sources of energy to green (renewable-based) energy. In addition, in the 4th National Energy Conference held in 2015, ocean energy was identified as a key contributor to renewable energy source. Therefore, the Taiwanese government proposed the construction of a MW-scale demonstration electricity plant, powered by ocean energy, as promptly as possible. Compared with solar PV, wind, and biomass (waste) energy, the development of ocean energy in Taiwan has lagged behind. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to boost ocean energy adaptation using analysis from technical and legal perspectives. This chapter first illustrates the ocean energy potential and develop blueprint in Taiwan. Next, through patent research from the Taiwan Patent Search System, this chapter identifies advantageous ocean power technologies innovated by Taiwanese companies, primarily wave and current technologies. Furthermore, through the examination of regulations and competent authorities, this chapter discusses the possible challenges for implementing ocean energy technologies in Taiwan

A fool proof carrier design for front access storage expansion board

Storage applications, by their very nature, need an expansion hardware to consolidate more hard drives to a controller. Typically the expansion hardware is designed as an independent printed circuit board and connect to the hard drive backplane in the opposite side of hard drives. When the system is installed in the rack, it requires users to move the whole system box from the position in order to open the lid. It also requires users to power off the system before disconnect the expansion board from the hard drive backplane

Biochemical Identification of Molecular Components Required for Cyanide Assimilation in Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764

Utilization of cyanide as a nutritional nitrogen source in P. fluorescens NCIMB 11764 was shown to involve a novel metabolic mechanism involving nonenzymatic neutralization outside of cells prior to further enzymatic oxidation within. Several cyanide degrading enzymes were produced by NCIMB 11764 in response to growth or exposure to cyanide, but only one of these cyanide, oxygenase (CNO), was shown to be physiologically required for assimilation of cyanide as a growth substrate