296 research outputs found
Decision-Oriented Dialogue for Human-AI Collaboration
We describe a class of tasks called decision-oriented dialogues, in which AI
assistants must collaborate with one or more humans via natural language to
help them make complex decisions. We formalize three domains in which users
face everyday decisions: (1) choosing an assignment of reviewers to conference
papers, (2) planning a multi-step itinerary in a city, and (3) negotiating
travel plans for a group of friends. In each of these settings, AI assistants
and users have disparate abilities that they must combine to arrive at the best
decision: assistants can access and process large amounts of information, while
users have preferences and constraints external to the system. For each task,
we build a dialogue environment where agents receive a reward based on the
quality of the final decision they reach. Using these environments, we collect
human-human dialogues with humans playing the role of assistant. To compare how
current AI assistants communicate in these settings, we present baselines using
large language models in self-play. Finally, we highlight a number of
challenges models face in decision-oriented dialogues, ranging from efficient
communication to reasoning and optimization, and release our environments as a
testbed for future modeling work
InCoder: A Generative Model for Code Infilling and Synthesis
Code is seldom written in a single left-to-right pass and is instead
repeatedly edited and refined. We introduce InCoder, a unified generative model
that can perform program synthesis (via left-to-right generation) as well as
editing (via infilling). InCoder is trained to generate code files from a large
corpus of permissively licensed code, where regions of code have been randomly
masked and moved to the end of each file, allowing code infilling with
bidirectional context. Our model is the first generative model that is able to
directly perform zero-shot code infilling, which we evaluate on challenging
tasks such as type inference, comment generation, and variable re-naming. We
find that the ability to condition on bidirectional context substantially
improves performance on these tasks, while still performing comparably on
standard program synthesis benchmarks in comparison to left-to-right only
models pretrained at similar scale. The InCoder models and code are publicly
released. https://sites.google.com/view/incoder-code-modelsComment: 25 pages, 13 figures. v2: added NeoX-20B results & StackOverflow
corpus inf
UniMASK: Unified Inference in Sequential Decision Problems
Randomly masking and predicting word tokens has been a successful approach in
pre-training language models for a variety of downstream tasks. In this work,
we observe that the same idea also applies naturally to sequential
decision-making, where many well-studied tasks like behavior cloning, offline
reinforcement learning, inverse dynamics, and waypoint conditioning correspond
to different sequence maskings over a sequence of states, actions, and returns.
We introduce the UniMASK framework, which provides a unified way to specify
models which can be trained on many different sequential decision-making tasks.
We show that a single UniMASK model is often capable of carrying out many tasks
with performance similar to or better than single-task models. Additionally,
after fine-tuning, our UniMASK models consistently outperform comparable
single-task models. Our code is publicly available at
https://github.com/micahcarroll/uniMASK.Comment: NeurIPS 2022 (Oral). A prior version was published at an ICML
Workshop, available at arXiv:2204.1332
Efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Objectives Open-labelled clinical trials suggested that
low-dose IL-2 might be effective in treatment of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). A double-blind and placebocontrolled trial is required to formally evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose IL-2 therapy.
Methods A randomised, double-blind and placebocontrolled
clinical trial was designed to treat 60 patients
with active SLE. These patients received either IL-2
(n=30) or placebo (n=30) with standard treatment
for 12 weeks, and were followed up for additional 12
weeks. IL-2 at a dose of 1 million IU or placebo was
administered subcutaneously every other day for 2 weeks
and followed by a 2-week break as one treatment cycle.
The primary endpoint was the SLE Responder Index-4
(SRI-4) at week 12. The secondary endpoints were other
clinical responses, safety and dynamics of immune cell
subsets.
Results At week 12, the SRI-4 response rates were
55.17% and 30.00% for IL-2 and placebo, respectively
(p=0.052). At week 24, the SRI-4 response rate of IL-2
group was 65.52%, compared with 36.67% of the
placebo group (p=0.027). The primary endpoint was not
met at week 12. Low-dose IL-2 treatment resulted in
53.85% (7/13) complete remission in patients with lupus
nephritis, compared with 16.67% (2/12) in the placebo
group (p=0.036). No serious infection was observed
in the IL-2 group, but two in placebo group. Besides
expansion of regulatory T cells, low-dose IL-2 may also
sustain cellular immunity with enhanced natural killer
cells.
Conclusions Low-dose IL-2 might be effective and tolerated in treatment of SThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (31530020,31570880,81471601,81601417 and 81701598),
Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences to ZG LI, Beijing Sci-Tech Committee
Z171100000417007,Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking
University (PKU2019LCXQ013) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for
the Central Universities, Beijing Nova Program Z171100001117025, National Key
Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0909003 to DY), BellberryViertel Senior Medical Research Fellowship to DY and Beijing SL PHARM
HBI Institutional Responsibility : Reading Nutritional Labels : Higher Health Awareness on Beverage Choice
In this study, we aimed to examine whether UBC students who read the nutritional labels on beverages are more likely to make a healthier beverage choice. Specifically, we were interested in finding out the relationship between reading labels and healthy beverages choice. Survey data accessed participants’ action of reading labels and other characteristics that may be relevant to healthy lifestyles. We intended to use recipient data to measure what labels do students normally read and their lifestyles. We predicted that students who read labels on beverages are more likely to choose healthy beverage than students who do not read labels. Among students who read labels, those who read ingredients labels are more likely to choose healthy beverages compare to students who only read nutrition facts labels. We collected data over 2 weeks; each participants filled out the survey based on their preferences and consumption on beverages. Our results did not support our hypothesis, as reading labels do not predict a healthier beverage choice among students on UBC campus. However, we have a number of limitations that may affect our survey results. In future research, experimental study can be conducted to further investigate why the act of reading labels does not predict the preference and consumption of healthy beverages. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”Arts, Faculty ofPsychology, Department ofUnreviewedUndergraduat
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