Acaricidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid associated with essential oils from Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava on Rhipicephalus microplus.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava, both alone and in association against Rhipicephalus microplus. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted in concentrations ranging from 3.1 at 100.0mg mL−1. CNSL was effective against engorged females (99.6%) at 100.0mg mL−1 and against larvae (99.2 %) at 50.0mg mL−1. The highest efficacy on engorged females was achieved by the essential oils of P. guajava at 12.5mg mL−1 (99.9%), followed by those of C. verbenacea at 25.0mg mL−1 (96.9%), while a low larvicidal activity of 5.8 and 59.0% was, respectively, obtained. The association at 50.0mg mL−1 had asignificant effect on both life stages of R. microplus. This association caused considerable larval mortality (95.3%) and high efficacy on engorged females (93.9%). © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Dinâmica das áreas de reflorestamento no município de Paragominas, Estado do Pará, considerando dados temporais do projeto TerraClass.

The municipality of Paragominas is considered a model among the municipalities of the "Legal Amazon", being the inspiration for the program "Municipios verdes", because it was through him and other public policies that the municipality managed to leave the list of municipalities that more Deforested and has been showing an expansion of reforestation practice. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of land use and occupation in the municipality of Paragominas, from 2008 to 2014, with emphasis on reforested areas in the municipality, using maps with land use and land cover data derived from remote sensing and Geoprocessing. The results indicated that although Paragominas faced an apparent consolidated situation in relation to the dynamics of land use, it continues to suffer a huge loss of forest resources. However, this municipality also showed a high conversion of pasture fields to agriculture, forest plantations or regrowth areas. Despite being a region apparently consolidated in terms of space exploration, Paragominas continues to suffer a great loss of forest resources, which can be seen in the gradual increase of the areas of use, the changes in the areas destined to reforestation projects came from the increase of the planted areas And the diversity of plant species

Physicochemical characterization and Brix in Jersey cow colostrum in tropical conditions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition (fat, total protein, casein, defatted dry extract, total solids and vitamin A), refractometry and pH of Jersey cow colostrum and correlations between Brix degree and colostrum constituents. Colostrum samples were collected from Jersey cow in the fifth milking after calving. Samples were identified and refrigerated until analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and a descriptive analysis, while differences between milk were compared by the Duncan?s test (P < 0.05) using the SAS version 9.0 software program. Pearson correlations were then performed between Brix grade and bovine colostrum constituents. The fat, total protein, casein, total solid and Brix percentage of the colostrum gradually decreased from the first to the fifth milking, while the lactose content increased. Positive correlations were observed between Brix values and protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract contents, while lactose was negatively correlated. The rapid reduction in Brix means and protein concentrations after delivery demonstrates the importance of administer colostrum in the shortest period after birth. © 2021 Friends Science Publisher

Profitability and sustainable use of traps for amazon shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum) from the Amazon River.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the profitability, productivity and selectivity of traps used for the capture of freshwater prawn using different spacings between the laths. This study was developed in the estuary of the Amazon River near Santana island, Amapá, Brazil. Collections were conducted using traps called "matapi", which are cylindrical shrimp traps made with wooden slats or laths, with funnel shaped entrances at both sides, and the spacings between the laths ranged between 1 to 10mm in 1mm increments. Each trap was covered with a net called a "matapi", or trap cover. The length of carapace in centimeters and the weight in grams were measured for all specimens. The shrimp were categorized into small, medium, and large size classes. Selectivity curves were used to determine selectivity for the dif ferent lath spacings. Traps with lath spacing below 7mm should be considered as being predatory because they allow for the capture of small individuals, with more than 50% of these being captured using spacings from 1 to 5mm. Despite the fact that spacings between 8 and 10mm captured lower quantities of shrimp, this enabled the capture of larger specimens with a similar total biomass yield, and this spacing is considered to be the most ecologically and economically viable. In order to minimize the capture of young shrimp without drastically affecting economic yield, it is suggested that shrimp trap lath spacings be above 6mm

Causas antrópicas.

Alguns dos principais fatores antrópicos identificados que desencadearam a devastação das florestas nativas foram a caça, exploração agropecuária, queimadas, extração vegetal, lazer, urbanização e a implantação de infraestrutura de transportes, energia e saneamento. em quase todos eles foram identificados vínculos com atividades e políticas econômicas ou então, se constituem como estratégias de sobrevivência frente às adversidades destas. Esses levantamentos permitiram perceber que os diferentes estágios de fragmentação são decorrentes dos diferentes padrões de desenvolvimento social e econômico, nacional, regional e locais