Are there differences between paid women workers and housewives in health-related quality of life?

Considerando que não há estudos brasileiros que avaliem a relação entre a inserção no mercado de trabalho e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de mulheres, objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa verificar se existe associação entre ter ou não trabalho remunerado e a QVRS das mulheres, e, se o estrato socioeconômico modifica esta associação. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra de 668 mulheres de 18 a 64 anos do Inquérito de Saúde de Campinas (ISACamp 2008/2009), utilizando-se o SF-36 para avaliar a QVRS. Ser dona de casa esteve associado à pior QVRS, sobretudo nos aspectos mentais, mas esta associação é modificada pelo nível socioeconômico. Nos segmentos de intermediária e baixa escolaridade e renda familiar, as donas de casa apresentaram pior QVRS que as trabalhadoras remuneradas, mas não houve diferença entre os dois segmentos nos estratos de alta escolaridade e renda. A pior QVRS das donas de casa enfatiza a importância de políticas públicas que visem a ampliar as oportunidades de inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho e de acesso à educação328Considering the lack of Brazilian studies on the relationship between participation in the labor market and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in women, the objectives were to verify whether there is an association between paid work versus no paid work and HRQL in women, and whether socioeconomic status modifies this association. This was a population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 668 women 18 to 64 years of age from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp 2008/2009), using SF-36 to assess HRQL. Being a housewife was associated with worse HRQL, especially in mental domains, but this association was modified by socioeconomic status. In the middle and low schooling and family income strata, housewives showed worse HRQL than paid women workers, but there was no difference between the two groups in the high schooling and high income strata. Housewives' worse HRQL emphasizes the importance of public policies to expand opportunities for women's participation in the labor market and access to educatio

Desigualdades socioeconômicas relacionadas às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e limitações: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019

Objective: to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in the self-reported prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and disabilities in the Brazilian adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey carried out in 2019. The self-reported prevalences of individuals with some NCDs were calculated, according to sociodemographic characteristics; and the prevalence and prevalence ratio of these diseases and degrees of disability, according to education and possession of a private health plan. Results: 47.6% of the population reported having at least one NCD. NCDs increased progressively with age and were more prevalent in women (PR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.1-1.15), in black individuals (PR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1, 06) or pardos (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09), illiterate or with incomplete elementary education (PR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08-1.16), in the residents the Southeast (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.14) and the South (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12) and among individuals who do not have a health plan private health (PR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.0-1.05). For the majority of NCDs investigated, the highest reports of disabilities were among those with low education and without health insurance. Conclusion: adults with less education and without private health plans have a higher prevalence of NCDs and a higher degree of disability. Thus, it is important to analyze health indicators in the face of different populations and disparities, in order to understand and monitor health inequalities.  Objetivo: analisar as desigualdades socioeconômicas na prevalência autorreferida de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e limitações na população adulta brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada em 2019. Calcularam-se as prevalências autorreferidas de indivíduos com alguma DCNT, segundo características sociodemográficas; e as prevalências e a razão de prevalência dessas doenças e graus de incapacidades, segundo escolaridade e posse de plano de saúde privado. Resultados: 47,6% da população relatou ter pelo menos uma DCNT. As DCNT aumentaram progressivamente com a idade e foram mais prevalentes nas mulheres (RP: 1,13; IC95% 1,1-1,15), nos indivíduos pretos (RP: 1,04; IC95%:1,01-1,06) ou pardos (RP: 1,05; IC95%:1,01-1,09), analfabetos ou com ensino fundamental incompleto (RP: 1,12; IC95%:1,08-1,16), nos moradores das regiões Sudeste (RP:1,10; IC95%: 1,05-1,14) e Sul (RP:1,07; IC95%:1,03-1,12) e entre os indivíduos que não possuem plano de saúde privado (RP:1,02; IC95%: 1,0-1,05).  Para a maioria das DCNT investigadas, a maior prevalência do relato de incapacidade esteve entre aqueles com baixa escolaridade e sem plano de saúde. Conclusão: adultos com menor escolaridade e sem planos de saúde privados apresentam maior prevalência de DCNT e maior grau de incapacidade. Assim, torna-se importante avaliar os indicadores de saúde frente às diferentes populações e desigualdades, a fim de diagnosticar e monitorar as iniquidades em saúde

Desigualdades na utilização de serviços de saúde por adultos e idosos com e sem doenças crônicas no Brasil, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019

Objective: To investigate the use of health services and limitation in performing usual activities by adults and elderly people with and without Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases (NCDs), according to socio-demographic strata. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which data from the 2019 National Health Survey were analyzed. The final sample corresponded to 88,531 households with interviews carried out, referring to individuals aged 18 years and older. The prevalence of use of services by the population with NCD was compared to that of the population without NCD, and stratified by socioeconomic and demographic variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: In 2019, 47.6% (95% CI 47.0-48.3) of the population reported having 1 or more NCDs. Population with NCD had more medical consultation in the last 12 months (PRadj=1.21; 95% CI 1.20-1.23), used the health services more in the last two weeks (PRadj=2.01; 95% CI 1.91-2.11), referred more hospitalization (PRadj: 2.11; 95% CI 1.89 - 2.36), and more limitation in performing usual activities (PR: 2.52adj; 95% CI 2.30-2.76), compared to the population without NCD. A positive dose-response gradient was observed between the number of comorbidities and the use of services. In all socioeconomic and demographic strata, the prevalence of indicators was higher in people with NCD. Conclusions: The presence of NCD was associated with a higher frequency of use of health services (consultation, use of services and hospitalization) and the restriction of usual activities in all socioeconomic and demographic strata.Objetivo: Investigar a utilização de serviços de saúde e a limitação das atividades habituais autorreferida entre adultos e idosos com e sem Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), segundo estratos sócio-demograficos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, no qual foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. A amostra final correspondeu a 88.531 domicílios com entrevistas realizadas, referentes a indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. As prevalências de uso de serviços pela população com DCNT foram comparadas às da população sem DCNT, e estratificadas por variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. Razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados. Resultados: Em 2019, 47,6% (IC95% 47,0-48,3) da população referiu ter 1 ou mais DCNT.  População com DCNT realizou mais consulta médica nos últimos 12 meses (RPaj=1,21; IC95% 1,20-1,23), utilizou mais o serviço de saúde nas duas últimas semanas (RPaj=2,01; IC95% 1,91-2,11), referiu mais internações (RPaj=2,11; IC95% 1,89-2,36), e mais limitação da realização de atividades (RPaj=2,52 vezes; IC95% 2,30-2,76) em comparação com população sem DCNT. Observou-se gradiente dose-resposta positivo entre número de comorbidades e uso de serviços. Em todos os estratos socioeconômicos e demográficos, a prevalência dos indicadores foi mais elevada em pessoas com DCNT. Conclusões: A presença de DCNT se associou à maior frequência de uso de serviços de saúde (consulta médica, uso de serviços de saúde e internação) e da restrição das atividades habituais em todos os estratos socioeconômicos e demográficos

Factors associated with smoking in the elderly: a health survey in Sao Paulo (ISA-SP)

This article reports on smoking prevalence and associated factors in the elderly, based on a population-based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling including 1,954 individuals 60 years or older living in four areas of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Overall smoking prevalence was 12.2%, and higher rates were associated with male gender, age 60-69 years, not belonging to an Evangelical church, lower income, low body weight, lack of leisure-time physical activity, depression/anxiety, and hypertension. There was a high prevalence of smokers among individuals with a history of stroke, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The results point to the need for effective interventions in healthcare services to promote smoking cessation among the elderly, since many are unable to stop on their own, even when they have tobacco-related illnesses. Special attention should be paid to individuals that depend on the National Health System, since smoking prevalence is higher in underprivileged socioeconomic groups

Distanciamento social, sentimento de tristeza e estilos de vida da população brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had biopsychosocial impacts on individual and collective health. The aim of the study was to analyze adherence to social distance, the repercussions on mood and changes in the lifestyles of the Brazilian adult population during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study with adult individuals living in Brazil (n = 45,161) who participated in the virtual health survey ConVid - Behavior Survey, from April 24 to May 24, 2020. Data collection was performed via web, using a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence and 95% confidence interval of the studied variables were calculated. Of the sample studied, only 1.5% led normal lives, without any social restrictions and 75% stayed at home, of which 15% stayed strictly at home. The frequent feelings of sadness or depression (35.5%), isolation (41.2%) and anxiety (41.3%) were reported by a large part of the studied population. It was found that 17% of participants reported increased consumption of alcoholic beverages and 34% of smokers increased the number of cigarettes. There was an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods and a reduction in the practice of physical activity in the period studied. It was concluded that there was a high adherence to social distance and an increase in feelings of sadness, depression and anxiety, as well as an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods, use of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes and a reduction in the practice of physical activity. These changes are worrying and can result in damage to individual and collective health in the medium and long term.A pandemia de COVID-19 acarretou impactos biopsicossociais à saúde individual e coletiva. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a adesão ao distanciamento social, as repercussões no estado de ânimo e mudanças nos estilos de vida da população adulta brasileira durante o início da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de estudo transversal com indivíduos adultos residentes no Brasil (n = 45.161) que participaram do inquérito de saúde virtual ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. A coleta de dados foi realizada via web, utilizando-se de um questionário autopreenchido. Foram calculadas as prevalências e intervalo de 95% de confiança das variáveis estudadas. Da amostra estudada, apenas 1,5% levou vida normal, sem nenhuma restrição social e 75% ficaram em casa, sendo que destes 15% ficaram rigorosamente em casa. Os sentimentos frequentes de tristeza ou depressão (35,5%), isolamento (41,2%) e ansiedade (41,3%) foram reportados por grande parte da população estudada. Verificou-se 17% dos participantes reportaram aumento do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de 34% dos fumantes aumentaram o número de cigarros. Observou-se aumento no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis e redução da prática de atividade física no período estudado. Conclui-se que houve elevada adesão ao distanciamento social e aumento dos sentimentos de tristeza, depressão e ansiedade, bem como aumento de consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, uso de bebidas alcóolicas e cigarros e redução da prática de atividade física. Essas mudanças são preocupantes e podem resultar em danos à saúde individual e coletiva a médio e longo prazo. &nbsp

A pandemia da COVID-19 e as mudanças no estilo de vida dos brasileiros adultos: um estudo transversal, 2020

Objective. To describe the changes in lifestyles, regarding to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, food intake and physical activity, in the period of social restriction resulting from the pandemic of the disease by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil with data from the virtual health survey ConVid (Behavior Survey). Changes in lifestyles were analyzed. The data were expressed in relative frequencies and a 95% confidence interval. Results. 45,161 individuals aged 18 years or more participated. During the period of social restriction, a decrease in the practice of physical activity and an increase in time in front of screens, ingestion of ultra-processed foods, the number of cigarettes smoked and the consumption of alcoholic beverages were reported. Differences were observed according to sex and age group. Conclusion. The results indicate a worsening of lifestyles and an increase in health risk behaviors.Objetivo. Descrever as mudanças nos estilos de vida, quanto ao consumo de tabaco, álcool, alimentação e atividade física, no período de restrição social consequente à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos. Estudo transversal realizado com dados do inquérito ConVid sobre comportamentos em saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário online autopreenchido pelos participantes. Procedimentos de pós-estratificação foram empregados para o cálculo das prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados. Participaram 45.161 indivíduos com 18 ou mais anos de idade. Durante o período de restrição social, foi relatada diminuição da prática de atividade física e aumento do tempo em frente a telas, da ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados, do número de cigarros fumados e do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas. Foram observadas diferenças segundo sexo e faixa etária. Conclusão. Os resultados apontam uma piora dos estilos de vida e aumento de comportamentos de risco à saúde

A pandemia de COVID-19 e mudanças nos estilos de vida dos adolescentes brasileiros

Objective: To analyze changes in the lifestyles of Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with adolescents who participated in the “Covid Adolescentes - Behavior Survey”. The indicators related to lifestyles before and during the pandemic were evaluated: consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods, physical activity and sedentary behavior, smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the total population and according to sex and age group. Results: 9,470 adolescents participated in the study. During the period of social distance, there was an increase in the prevalence of consumption of vegetables (from 27.34% to 30.5%), frozen foods (from 13.26% to 17.3%), chocolates and sweets (from 48.58% to 52.51%) and time in front of screens (from 44.57% to 70.15%). On the other hand, there was a decrease in the practice of physical activity (from 28.7% to 15.74%) and in the consumption of alcoholic beverages (from 17.72% to 12.77%). Differences were observed according to sex and age group. Conclusion: The results show changes in the adolescents' lifestyles and an increase in health risk behaviors.Objetivo: Analisar as mudanças nos estilos de vida dos adolescentes brasileiros durante pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes que participaram do inquérito “Convid Adolescentes - Pesquisa de Comportamentos”. Foram avaliados os indicadores relacionados aos estilos de vida antes e durante a pandemia: consumo de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis, prática de atividade física e comportamento sedentário, tabagismo e consumo de bebidas alcóolicas. Foram calculadas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% para população total e segundo sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 9.470 adolescentes. Durante o período de distanciamento social, foi observado aumento nas prevalências de consumo de hortaliças (de 27,34% para 30,5%), de pratos congelados (de 13,26% para 17,3%), de chocolates e doces (de 48,58% para 52,51%) e do tempo em frente às telas (de 44,57% para 70,15%). Por outro lado, houve diminuição da prática de atividade física (de 28,7% para 15,74%) e do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas (de 17,72% para 12,77%). Foram observadas diferenças segundo sexo e faixa etária. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam mudanças nos estilos de vida dos adolescentes e aumento de comportamentos de risco à saúde. Objetivo: Analisar as mudanças nos estilos de vida dos adolescentes brasileiros durante pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes que participaram do inquérito “Convid Adolescentes - Pesquisa de Comportamentos”. Foram avaliados os indicadores relacionados aos estilos de vida antes e durante a pandemia: consumo de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis, prática de atividade física e comportamento sedentário, tabagismo e consumo de bebidas alcóolicas. Foram calculadas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% para população total e segundo sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 9.470 adolescentes. Durante o período de distanciamento social, foi observado aumento nas prevalências de consumo de hortaliças (de 27,34% para 30,5%), de pratos congelados (de 13,26% para 17,3%), de chocolates e doces (de 48,58% para 52,51%) e do tempo em frente às telas (de 44,57% para 70,15%). Por outro lado, houve diminuição da prática de atividade física (de 28,7% para 15,74%) e do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas (de 17,72% para 12,77%). Foram observadas diferenças segundo sexo e faixa etária. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam mudanças nos estilos de vida dos adolescentes e aumento de comportamentos de risco à saúde

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among family caregivers of people with mental disorders

This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among family caregivers of people with mental disorders. Studies conducted with family caregivers of people with dementia and cancer point out a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among these subjects; however, this aspect has not yet been investigated among family caregivers of people with mental disorders. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted with 537 family caregivers of patients from 16 Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) of the 21st Health Region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Question 17 of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used for suicidal ideation screening. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was calculated according to sociodemographic and care variables, with confidence interval estimate (95% CI). Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression. The Guidelines to Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE Statement) was adhered in this study (See File S1). The prevalence of suicidal ideation found in this study for the 30 days preceding the interview was 12.5% (95% CI: 10-15). The factors associated with the outcome were lower age, lower schooling, feeling of burden, self-report of stress problem and dissatisfaction with family relationships. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among the studied family caregivers was high and strongly associated with issues regarding care, showing the need for interventions that provide support. Relevance for clinical practice Nurses are a large part of the workforce of the community mental health services. The careful characterisation of the subjects who show suicidal ideation, as performed in this study, may reveal specificities capable of refining the diagnostic potential for establishment of action plans in a timely manner, avoiding possible attempts or even the consummation of suicide2819-2034703477COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESnão te

Impact of chronic disease on quality of life among the elderly in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: a population-based study

Objectives. To assess the impact of chronic disease and the number of diseases on the various aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among the elderly in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods. The SF-36 (R) Health Survey was used to assess the impact of the most prevalent chronic diseases on HRQOL. A cross-sectional and population-based study was carried out with two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Data were obtained from a multicenter health survey administered through household interviews in several municipalities in the state of Sao Paulo. The study evaluated seven diseases-arthritis, back-pain, depression/anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and stroke-and their effects on quality of life. Results. Among the 1958 elderly individuals (60 years of age or older), 13.6% reported not having any of the illnesses, whereas 45.7% presented three or more chronic conditions. The presence of any of the seven chronic illnesses studied had a significant effect on the scores Of nearly all the SF-36 (R) scales. HRQOL achieved lower scores when related to depression/anxiety, osteoporosis, and stroke. The higher the number of diseases, the greater the negative effect on the SF-36 (R) dimensions. The presence of three or more diseases significantly affected HRQOL in all areas. The bodily pain, general health, and vitality scales were the most affected by diseases. Conclusions. The study detected a high prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly population and found that the degree of impact on HRQOL depends on the type of disease. The results highlight the importance of preventing and controlling chronic diseases in order to reduce the number of comorbidities and lessen their impact on HRQOL among the elderly

Napping, functional capacity and satisfaction with life in older adults : a population-based study

To analyse the association between napping, functional capacity and satisfaction with life in older adult residing in the community. A cross-sectional population-based study using data from a health survey conducted in a city of the state of SAo Paulo. Information on sociodemographic and clinical variables was collected through a questionnaire, as well as the occurrence or not of napping and satisfaction with life. Functional capacity was assessed using the Katz Index and Lawton-Brody Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and a hierarchical analysis using stepwise backward multiple Poisson regression. p-Values <0.05 were considered significant. In this paper, we adhere to STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guidelines. There was predominance of the 60-69years age group (51.3%) and of females (60.8%). The majority of the older adults (57.5%), of both sexes, reported napping. A higher prevalence of napping was found in the older subjects, the male sex, the subjects without children, those with health problems and those that were partially dependent in instrumental activities of daily living. The study showed that naps are prevalent in older adults. The need to identify the issues that permeate napping is emphasised, in order to promote health in individuals of this age group, before classifying the practice as beneficial or harmful. Relevance to clinical practiceIt is essential that health professionals, in their practices, consider the complaints and reports of naps in the elderly, in an attempt to detect and reduce possible consequences in activities of daily living289-1015681576CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão temISA-Camp 2014/1