15 research outputs found
Composição dos óleos essenciais de variedades de coloração de frutos de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.
A espécie Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. apresenta a coloração dos frutos variável, sendo reconhecidas três variedades. Entretanto, a definição de variedades não é fácil para espécies de Myrtaceae e também não é amplamente aceita. Duas variedades de Eugenia brasiliensis, baseado na cor dos frutos (roxos e amarelos), tiveram a composição de seus óleos essenciais analisadas com a finalidade de obter indícios de variedade botânica para esta espécie. Embora, os componentes principais nos óleos das folhas fossem os mesmos monoterpenos para ambas as variedades, alfa-pineno, beta-pineno e 1,8-cineol, a variedade com frutos roxos acumulou maior quantidade de sesquiterpenos oxigenados (33,9%) do que aquela com frutos amarelos (3,8%). As diferenças principais ocorreram nos frutos roxos que apresentaram como componente principal o óxido de cariofileno (22,2%) e o alfa-cadinol (10,4%), não detectados no óleo das folhas, e o óleo dos frutos amarelos apresentou uma composição similar àquela observada para as folhas. Estas variedades de coloração dos frutos de E. brasilensis podem ser considerados como dois quimiotipos distintos, uma vez que na variedade com frutos roxos a rota biossintética para sesquiterpenos encontra-se mais operante do que naquela com frutos amarelos, onde são acumulados principalmente os monoterpenos.Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow) of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9%) than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%). The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2%) and alpha-cadinol (10.4%), not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated
Estrutura do componente arbóreo em Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana no Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba (PNMNP), Santo André, SP, Brasil
Foi realizada a análise fitossociológica de duas parcelas (P1 e P2) de 0,5 hectare em Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana do PNMNP . Foram amostradas as árvores com DAP (diâmetro a 1,30 m de altura do solo) ³ 4,8 cm, num total de 1.992 indivíduos, distribuídos em 183 espécies, 103 gêneros e 49 famílias, sendo a maioria delas zoocórica, com uma distribuição equilibrada de indivíduos pioneiros e não pioneiros em P1 e P2. A família Myrtaceae foi a mais rica em espécies, seguida de Rubiaceae, Lauraceae e Melastomataceae. A diversidade específica foi obtida através do Índice de Shannon (H'), sendo 3,779 em P1 e 4,049 em P2 e a equabilidade pelo Índice de Pielou (J), sendo 0,770 em P1 e 0,836 em P2. Os índices de diversidade encontrados no PNMNP são semelhantes aos de outras Unidades de Conservação do Estado de São Paulo, uma indicativa de que os poluentes atmosféricos produzidos pelo complexo industrial de Cubatão certamente não foram aí tão prejudiciais quanto para áreas próximas localizadas no vale do rio Mogi e Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba. Além disso, a presença de árvores de grande porte pertencentes a espécies não pioneiras na P2 indica que o PNMNP pode ainda manter relictos da floresta original que recobria a região no passado
Composição dos óleos essenciais de variedades de coloração de frutos de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam
A espécie Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. apresenta a coloração dos frutos variável, sendo reconhecidas três variedades. Entretanto, a definição de variedades não é fácil para espécies de Myrtaceae e também não é amplamente aceita. Duas variedades de Eugenia brasiliensis, baseado na cor dos frutos (roxos e amarelos), tiveram a composição de seus óleos essenciais analisadas com a finalidade de obter indícios de variedade botânica para esta espécie. Embora, os componentes principais nos óleos das folhas fossem os mesmos monoterpenos para ambas as variedades, α-pineno, β-pineno e 1,8-cineol, a variedade com frutos roxos acumulou maior quantidade de sesquiterpenos oxigenados (33,9%) do que aquela com frutos amarelos (3,8%). As diferenças principais ocorreram nos frutos roxos que apresentaram como componente principal o óxido de cariofileno (22,2%) e o α-cadinol (10,4%), não detectados no óleo das folhas, e o óleo dos frutos amarelos apresentou uma composição similar àquela observada para as folhas. Estas variedades de coloração dos frutos de E. brasilensis podem ser considerados como dois quimiotipos distintos, uma vez que na variedade com frutos roxos a rota biossintética para sesquiterpenos encontra-se mais operante do que naquela com frutos amarelos, onde são acumulados principalmente os monoterpenos.Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow) of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, α-pinene, β-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9%) than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%). The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2%) and α-cadinol (10.4%), not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Croton heterocalyx Baill. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) Leaves
The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Croton heterocalyx leaves were evaluated. The oil which was analyzed by GC and GUMS was found to contain germacrene D (12.5%), bicyclogermacrene (11.2%), delta-elemene (9.2%) beta-elemene (8.2%), spathulenol (6.9%), linalool (5.4%) and 1,8-cineole (3.7%) its major components. Croton. heterocalyx oil displayed a high inhibitory activity against the fungi Aspergillus niger (16404) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231.) as well its the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), hut a very weak activity was observed for the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027).BIOTA/FAPESP ProgramFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPqConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq
Composição dos óleos essenciais de variedades de coloração de frutos de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam
A espécie Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. apresenta a coloração dos frutos variável, sendo reconhecidas três variedades. Entretanto, a definição de variedades não é fácil para espécies de Myrtaceae e também não é amplamente aceita. Duas variedades de Eugenia brasiliensis, baseado na cor dos frutos (roxos e amarelos), tiveram a composição de seus óleos essenciais analisadas com a finalidade de obter indícios de variedade botânica para esta espécie. Embora, os componentes principais nos óleos das folhas fossem os mesmos monoterpenos para ambas as variedades, α-pineno, β-pineno e 1,8-cineol, a variedade com frutos roxos acumulou maior quantidade de sesquiterpenos oxigenados (33,9%) do que aquela com frutos amarelos (3,8%). As diferenças principais ocorreram nos frutos roxos que apresentaram como componente principal o óxido de cariofileno (22,2%) e o α-cadinol (10,4%), não detectados no óleo das folhas, e o óleo dos frutos amarelos apresentou uma composição similar àquela observada para as folhas. Estas variedades de coloração dos frutos de E. brasilensis podem ser considerados como dois quimiotipos distintos, uma vez que na variedade com frutos roxos a rota biossintética para sesquiterpenos encontra-se mais operante do que naquela com frutos amarelos, onde são acumulados principalmente os monoterpenos.Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow) of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, α-pinene, β-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9%) than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%). The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2%) and α-cadinol (10.4%), not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated
Oxidant-antioxidant balance and tolerance against oxidative stress in pioneer and non-pioneer tree species from the remaining Atlantic Forest.
The extensive land occupation in Southeast Brazil has resulted in climatic disturbances and environmental contamination
by air pollutants, threatening the Atlantic forest remnants that still exist in that region. Based on previous
results, we assumed that pioneer tree species are potentially more tolerant against environmental
oxidative stress than non-pioneer tree species from that Brazilian biome. We also assumed that reactive oxygen
species (ROS) are accumulated in higher proportions in leaves of non-pioneer trees, resulting in changes in the
oxidant-antioxidant balance and inmore severe oxidative damage at the cellular level than in the leaves of pioneer
trees. We tested these hypotheses by establishing the relationship between oxidants (ROS), changes in key
antioxidants (among enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds) and in a lipid peroxidation derivative in their
leaves, aswell as between ROS accumulation and oscillations in environmental stressors, thus permitting to discuss
comparatively for the first time the oxidant-antioxidant balance and the tolerance capacity of tree species of
the Atlantic Forest in SE Brazil.We confirmed that the non-pioneer tree species accumulated higher amounts of
superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in palisade parenchyma and epidermis, showing a less effective antioxidant
metabolism than the pioneer species. However, the non-pioneer species showed differing capacities to compensate
the oxidative stress in both years of study, which appeared to be associated with the level of ROS accumulation,
which was evidently higher in 2015 than in 2016. We also applied exploratory multivariate statistics,
which revealed that the oscillations in these biochemical leaf responses in both functional groups coincided
with the oscillations in both climatic conditions and air pollutants, seemingly showing that they had acclimated already carried out, including Bussotti (2008) that concluded that
early successional species in Mediterranean forests have a lower tolerance
against oxidative stress than late secondary species and Favaretto
et al. (2011) that classified native tree species of the Atlantic Forest
into two major functional groups based on their tolerance against
solar radiation exposure.
Brand?o et al. (2017) assumed that pioneer species from disturbed
remnants of the Atlantic Forest in S?o Paulo (Brazil) are potentially
more tolerant against oxidative stress than non-pioneer species based
on the levels of antioxidants. However, this hypothesis would be definitely
confirmed only if the lower antioxidative capacity in nonpioneer
trees occurred in parallel with increased levels of ROS in the
leaves, resulting in loss of the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium, severe
oxidative damage at the cellular level and consequently decreased tolerance
against oxidative stress. The present study brought a new contribution
to this broader issue, permitting to discuss comparatively the
oxidant-antioxidant balance and the tolerance capacity of pioneer and
non-pioneer tree species of Atlantic Forest remnants affected by multiple
environmental stressors in SE Brazil.We achieved this goal by establishing
the relationship between oxidants (ROS), changes in key
antioxidants (among enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds) and
in a lipid peroxidation derivative in their leaves, as well as between
ROS accumulation and oscillations in environmental stressors