Seasonal variation of some limnological factors of lagoa do Guarana : a varzea lake of the High Rio Parana, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Le lac de Guarana présente de fortes variations saisonnières des conditions physico-chimiques du milieu. Celles-ci sont attribuées à deux causes principales : d'une part, le régime hydrologique du Parana qui provoque des modifications de niveau dans le lac et l'inondation de la varzea et, d'autre part, les pluies qui augmentent les apports de carbone organique (composés humiques) et des nutriments par les petits affluents tributaires. (Résumé d'auteur

CDM Accelerating Cosmology as an Alternative to LCDM model

A new accelerating cosmology driven only by baryons plus cold dark matter (CDM) is proposed in the framework of general relativity. In this model the present accelerating stage of the Universe is powered by the negative pressure describing the gravitationally-induced particle production of cold dark matter particles. This kind of scenario has only one free parameter and the differential equation governing the evolution of the scale factor is exactly the same of the $\Lambda$CDM model. For a spatially flat Universe, as predicted by inflation ($\Omega_{dm}+\Omega_{baryon}=1$), it is found that the effectively observed matter density parameter is $\Omega_{meff} = 1- \alpha$, where $\alpha$ is the constant parameter specifying the CDM particle creation rate. The supernovae test based on the Union data (2008) requires $\alpha\sim 0.71$ so that $\Omega_{meff} \sim 0.29$ as independently derived from weak gravitational lensing, the large scale structure and other complementary observations.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Sistema tradicional de manejo de caprinos: I. Desempenho de crescimento de caprinos SRD na fase de aleitamento

The effects of season, sex and type of birth as well as all possible interactions were studied for birth weight (BW), weights at 41 (W1), 69 (W2), 97 (W3), and 125 (W4) days after birth and weight gains at intervals between the time of birth and 41 days of age (G1), 41 and 69 days (G2), 69 and 97 days (G3), 97 and 125 days (G4) of age after birth. Data were initialy recorded on 120 kids born in the years 1979 and 1980 and raised at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos research farm, Sobral, State of Ceará, Brazil. The analysis of variance showed that season of birth had a highly significant (P<0.005) effect on alt weights analysed and on G1 and G4. The significant level was smaller (P<0.025) for G2 and G3 . Kids born in the rainy season were heavier and had higher weight gains than kids born in the dry season. Sex had a significant influence on BW, W2, W4 (P<0.05), W3 (P<0.025), W1 and G1 (P<0.005). Males were superior to females, except in G4 where an inverse trend was observed. Type of birth was significant (P<0.005) for all the weight variables studied, including G1. Single born kids showed higher weight gains than did multiple born kids. With the exception of the season X type of birth interaction which was significant (P <0.025) for BW, all other interactions analized were none significant for the variables studied.Foram estudados os efeitos da estação, sexo e tipo de nascimento, bem como os das interações possíveis, sobre os pesos ao nascimento (PN); aos 41 (P1); aos 69 (P2); aos 97 (P3) e aos 125 (P4) dias de idade e sobre os ganhos de peso do nascimento aos 41 (G1); dos 41 aos 69 (G2); dos 69 aos 97 (G3) e dos 97 aos 125 (G4) dias de idade. Foram utilizados 120 cabritos, criados na área experimental do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos, em Sobral, CE, nascidos entre os anos de 1979 e 1980. As análises de variância indicaram que a estação de nascimento influenciou de maneira significativa (P<0,005) todos os pesos estudados, além das variáveis G1 e G4, e ao nível de P<0,025, as variáveis G2 e G3. Os animais nascidos na estação chuvosa foram mais pesados e apresentaram maior ganho de peso, em relação aos nascidos na estação seca. O sexo influenciou o P1 e G1 (P<0,005) e o PN, P2 e P4 (P<0,05) e P3 (P<0,025), sendo que, nessas variáveis, os machos foram superiores às fêmeas, exceto em G4, nas quais se observou tendência inversa. Houve influência do tipo de nascimento sobre todos os pesos estudados, inclusive sobre o G1, (P<0,005); os animais nascidos de partos simples mostraram maior ganho de peso que os nascidos de partos múltiplos. Com exceção da interação estação X tipo de nascimento, que influenciou de maneira significativa (P<0,025) o PN, as demais interações não apresentaram efeito significativo sobre as variáveis estudadas

Enhanced solar driven photocatalytic removal of antibiotics from aquaculture effluents by TiO2/carbon quantum dot composites

Aquaculture exploitation is associated with the consumption of antibiotics, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), the latter two being also vastly used to treat bacterial infections in humans. Consequently, and given that aquaculture wastewater treatments are not actually designed for the removal of antibiotics, they are ubiquitous in aquaculture effluents, which sets the risk of bacterial resistance. To face the need for an efficient and sustainable treatment to remove these antibiotics from the referred effluents, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were produced, incorporated into titanium dioxide (TiO2), and evaluated for solar driven photodegradation of SDZ, SMX and TMP. Eleven different materials were synthesized and tested for their photocatalytic activity in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and synthetic sea salts (SSS), used as synthetic matrices to simulate fresh and brackish water, respectively. Upon selection of the most efficient photocatalyst for each antibiotic and matrix, kinetic results demonstrated that its use allowed for remarkable reductions of SDZ, SMX and TMP half-life times (t1/2) in both matrices (between 19 and 68 times). Therefore, the application of the here synthesized photocatalysts for the advanced treatment of aquaculture effluents is promising, allowing for a green solar driven removal of antibiotics.publishe

INFLUENCIA DE LAS PROGRAMACIONES DE RIEGO EN PARCELA SOBRE EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE UNA RED COLECTIVA DE RIEGO

[EN] In irrigated areas with pressurized irrigation networks, it is necessary to develop tools with the aim of improving efficient use of water and energy resources, maintaining crop yield and productivity. In this paper, the performance of the irrigation network is analyzed, considering several scenarios of on-farm irrigation scheduling for a day with the highest crop water requirements (July). The proposed methodology has been applied to the irrigation area of Tarazona de La Mancha (Albacete). For this aim, an irrigation scheduling was used for each plot of the irrigated area, based on the typical meteorological year (TMY) methodology. To analyze irrigation network performance, energy consumed and energy costs were computed at each scenario of opening of hydrants. To compute hydraulic variables, EPANET® toolkit was used in combination with MATLAB®.[ES] En zonas regables con redes de distribución de agua, es necesario el desarrollo de herramientas de ayuda para mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del agua y la energía, sin comprometer el rendimiento y productividad de los cultivos. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis del comportamiento de una red de distribución de riego, con distintas estrategias de la programación del riego en parcela, aplicado a un día de máximas necesidades hídricas de los cultivos. La metodología propuesta ha sido aplicada en la zona regable de Tarazona de La Mancha (Albacete, España). Para ello, se establece una programación de riego en diversas parcelas de la zona regable, a partir del año meteorológico típico (TMY). Para evaluar el comportamiento de la red, se han determinado los costes energéticos y consumo de energía en función de los distintos escenarios de apertura de tomas en parcela planteados. Para simular el comportamiento hidráulico de la red, se ha utilizado EPANET®, en combinación con MATLAB®.Lima, F.; Córcoles, J.; Martínez-Romero, A.; Tarjuelo, J. (2015). INFLUENCIA DE LAS PROGRAMACIONES DE RIEGO EN PARCELA SOBRE EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE UNA RED COLECTIVA DE RIEGO. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1458OC

Fast Detection Of Paracetamol On A Gold Nanoparticle-chitosan Substrate By Sers

A fast method for detecting pharmaceutical drugs, such as paracetamol, by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using a gold nanoparticle substrate was studied. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using chitosan (AuNP-chitosan) as a reductant and capping agent and subsequently deposited on glass slides as a thin film. The SERS performance of AuNP-chitosan films was evaluated using methylene blue (MB, 10-6 mol L-1) as a SERS probe molecule. The method is based on drop-drying an analyte solution (paracetamol, 10-3 mol L-1) onto a substrate surface and subsequently analyzing by Raman spectroscopy. The spectra were obtained in 10 seconds with two accumulations and exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio. This preliminary study supports the AuNP-chitosan substrate as a SERS sensor, for a convenient analytical method for detection of paracetamol and other pharmaceutical drug molecules. © the Partner Organisations 2014.61135643568Halling-Sorensen, B., Nielsen, N., Lansky, P.F., Ingersley, F., Hansen, L., Lutzhoft, H.C., Jorgensen, S.E., (1998) Chemosphere, 36, p. 357Daughton, C.G., Ternes, T.A., (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, p. 907Klimova, K., Leitner, J., (2012) Thermochim. Acta, 550, p. 59Parojcic, J., Karljikovic-Rajic, K., Duric, Z., Jovanovic, M., Ibric, S., (2003) Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 24, p. 309Holm, J.V., Rugge, K., Bjerg, P.L., Christensen, T.H., (1995) Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, p. 1415Ternes, T.A., (1998) Water Res., 32, p. 3245Reddersen, K., Heberer, T., Dunnbier, U., (2002) Chemosphere, 49, p. 539Zwiener, C., Glauner, T., Frimmel, F.H., (2000) High Resolut. Chromatogr., 23, p. 474Buser, H.R., Poiger, T., Muller, M.D., (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, p. 2529Chen, L.-X., Li, D.-W., Qu, L.-L., Li, Y.-T., Long, Y.-T., (2013) Anal. Methods, 5, p. 6579Péron, O., Rinnert, E., Toury, T., Chapelle, M.L., Compere, C., (2011) Analyst, 136, p. 1018Alvarez-Puebla, R.A., Liz-Marzan, L.M., (2012) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 51, p. 11214Fleischmann, M., Hendra, P.J., McQuillan, A.J., (1974) Chem. Phys. Lett., 26, p. 63Le Ru, E.C., Etchegoin, P.G., (2009) Principles of Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, , Elsevier, AmsterdamAroca, R., (2006) Surface-enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, , John Wiley & Sons, Southern GateZhang, Y., Liu, S., Wang, L., Qin, X., Tian, J., Lu, W., Chang, G., Sun, X., (2012) RSC Adv., 2, p. 538Moula, G., Aroca, R.F., (2011) Anal. Chem., 83, p. 284Yu, W.W., White, I.M., (2012) Analyst, 137, p. 1168Zhai, W.L., Li, D.W., Qu, L.L., Fossey, J.S., Long, Y.T., (2012) Nanoscale, 4, p. 37Alsawafta, M., Badilescu, S., Packirisamy, M., Truong, V.V., (2011) React. Kinet., Mech. Catal., 104, p. 437Esumi, K., Takei, N., Yoshimura, T., (2003) Colloids Surf., B, 32, p. 117Potara, M., Maniu, D., Astilean, S., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 315602Santos, E.B., Sigoli, F.A., Mazali, I.O., (2013) Vib. Spectrosc., 68, p. 246Wang, Y.Q., Liang, W.S., Geng, C.Y., (2009) Nanoscale Res. Lett., 4, p. 684Vieira, E.F.S., Cestari, A.R., Santos, E.B., Dias, F.S., (2005) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 289, p. 42Cheng, Y.-C., Yu, C.-C., Lo, T.-Y., Liu, Y.-C., (2012) Mater. Res. Bull., 47, p. 1107Nhung, T.T., Bu, Y., Lee, S.-W., (2013) J. Cryst. Growth, 373, p. 132Xiao, G.N., Man, S.Q., (2007) Chem. Phys. Lett., 447, p. 305Ruan, C.M., Wang, W., Gu, B.H., (2007) J. Raman Spectrosc., 38, p. 568Peng, Y., Niu, Z., Huang, W., Chen, S., Li, Z., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, p. 10880Elbagerma, M.A., Azimi, G., Edwards, H.G.M., Alajtal, A.I., Scowen, I.J., (2010) Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 75, p. 1403Chazallon, B., Celik, Y., Focsa, C., Guinet, Y., (2006) Vib. Spectrosc., 42, p. 206Nanubolu, J.B., Burley, J.C., (2012) Mol. Pharmaceutics, 9, p. 154

Generating mixtures of spatial qubits

In a recent letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 100501 (2005)], we presented a scheme for generating pure entangled states of spatial qudits ($D$-dimensional quantum systems) by using the momentum transverse correlation of the parametric down-converted photons. In this work we discuss a generalization of this process to enable the creation of mixed states. With the technique proposed we experimentally generated a mixture of two spatial qubits.Comment: To appear in Optics Communication

Epidemiological And Genetic Characteristics Associated With The Severity Of Acute Viral Bronchiolitis By Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Objective: to assess the epidemiological and genetic factors associated with severity of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Data source: the key words "bronchiolitis", "risk factor", "genetics" and "respiratory syncytial virus", and all combinations among them were used to perform a search in the PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs databases, of articles published after the year 2000 that included individuals younger than 2 years of age. Data synthesis: a total of 1,259 articles were found, and their respective summaries were read. Of these, 81 were selected, which assessed risk factors for the severity of AVB, and were read in full; the 60 most relevant studies were included. The epidemiologic factors associated with AVB severity by RSV were prematurity, passive smoking, young age, lack of breastfeeding, chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, male gender, ethnicity, viral coinfection, low weight at admission, maternal smoking during pregnancy, atopic dermatitis, mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period, maternal history of atopy and/or asthma during pregnancy, season of birth, low socioeconomic status, Down syndrome, environmental pollution, living at an altitude > 2,500 meters above sea level, and cesarean section birth. Conversely, some children with severe AVB did not present any of these risk factors. In this regard, recent studies have verified the influence of genetic factors on the severity of AVB by RSV. Polymorphisms of the TLRs, RANTES, JUN, IFNA5, NOS2, CX3CR1, ILs, and VDR genes have been shown to be associated with more severe evolution of AVB by RSV. Conclusion: the severity of AVB by RSV is a phenomenon that depends on the varying degrees of interaction among epidemiological, environmental, and genetic variables. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.896531543Chávez-Bueno, S., Mejías, A., Welliver, R.C., Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Current and future strategies for treatment and prophylaxis (2006) Treat Respir Med, 5, pp. 483-494Ogra, P.L., Respiratory syncytial virus: The virus, the disease and the immune response (2004) Paediatr Respir Rev, 5, pp. 119-S126Stockman, L.J., Curns, A.T., Anderson, L.J., Fischer-Langley, G., Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997-2006 (2012) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 31, pp. 5-9Leader, S., Kohlhase, K., Recent trends in severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among US infants, 1997 to 2000 (2003) J Pediatr, 143, pp. 127-S132Ranmuthugala, G., Brown, L., Lidbury, B.A., Respiratory syncytial virus - The unrecognised cause of health and economic burden among young children in Australia (2011) Commun Dis Intell, 35, pp. 177-184Simões, E.A., Carbonell-Estrany, X., Impact of severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children living in developed countries (2003) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 22, pp. 13-S18. , discussion S18-20Albernaz, E.P., Menezes, A.M., César, J.A., Victora, C.G., Barros, F.C., Halpern, R., Risk factors associated with hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the post-neonatal period (2003) Rev Saude Publica, 37, pp. 485-493Deshpande, S.A., Northern, V., The clinical and health economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease among children under 2 years of age in a defined geographical area (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 1065-1069Fryzek, J.P., Martone, W.J., Groothuis, J.R., Trends in chronologic age and infant respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: An 8-year cohort study (2011) Adv Ther, 28, pp. 195-201Sung, C.C., Chi, H., Chiu, N.C., Huang, D.T., Weng, L.C., Wang, N.Y., Viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in Northern Taiwan (2011) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 44, pp. 184-190García, M.L., Ordobás Gabin, M., Calvo Reya, C., González Alvarez, M., Aguilar Ruiz, J., Arregui Sierra, A., Viral infection of the lower respiratory tract in hospitalized infants: Etiology, clinical features and risk factors (2001) An Esp Pediatr, 55, pp. 101-107Riccetto, A.G., Ribeiro, J.D., Silva, M.T., Almeida, R.S., Arns, C.W., Baracat, E.C., Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract disease: Incidence and associated risks (2006) Braz J Infect Dis, 10, pp. 357-361Salomão Junior, J.B., Gardinassi, L.G., Simas, P.V., Bittar, C.O., Souza, F.P., Rahal, P., Human respiratory syncytial virus in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection (2011) J Pediatr (Rio J), 87, pp. 219-224Sly, P.D., Jones, C.M., Viral co-detection in infants hospitalized with respiratory disease: Is it important to detect? (2011) J Pediatr (Rio J), 87, pp. 277-280Miller, E.K., Williams, J.V., Gebretsadik, T., Carroll, K.N., Dupont, W.D., Mohamed, Y.A., Host and viral factors associated with severity of human rhinovirus-associated infant respiratory tract illness (2011) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 127, pp. 883-891Nascimento, M.S., Souza, A.V., Ferreira, A.V., Rodrigues, J.C., Abramovici, S., Silva Filho, L.V., High rate of viral identification and coinfections in infants with acute bronchiolitis (2010) Clinics (Sao Paulo), 65, pp. 1133-1137Groothuis, J.R., Fryzek, J.P., Makari, D., Steffey, D., Martone, W.J., Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization trends in infants with chronic lung disease of infancy, 1998-2008 (2011) Clin Epidemiol, 3, pp. 245-250Gouyon, J.B., Rozé, J.C., Guillermet-Fromentin, C., Glorieux, I., Adamon, L., Di Maio, M., Hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in preterm infants at < 33 weeks gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: The CASTOR study (2012) Epidemiol Infect, 15, pp. 1-11Semple, M.G., Taylor-Robinson, D.C., Lane, S., Smyth, R.L., Household tobacco smoke and admission weight predict severe bronchiolitis in infants independent of deprivation: Prospective cohort study (2011) PLoS One, 6, p. 22425Koehoorn, M., Karr, C.J., Demers, P.A., Lencar, C., Tamburic, L., Brauer, M., Descriptive epidemiological features of bronchiolitis in a population-based cohort (2008) Pediatrics, 122, pp. 1196-1203Ochoa Sangrador, C., González De Dios, J., Idoneidad y Adecuación). Consensus conference on acute bronchiolitis (VI): Prognosis of acute bronchiolitis. Review of scientific evidence (2010) An Pediatr (Barc), 72 (354), pp. e1-3634. , Grupo de Revisión del Proyecto aBREVIADo (BRonquiolitis-Estudio de VariabilidadGrimwood, K., Cohet, C., Rich, F.J., Cheng, S., Wood, C., Redshaw, N., Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospital admission in New Zealand (2008) Epidemiol Infect, 136, pp. 1333-1341López Guinea, A., Casado Flores, J., Martín Sobrino, M.A., Espínola Docio, B., De La Calle Cabrera, T., Serrano, A., García Teresa, M.A., Severe bronchiolitis. 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Decomposition and nutrient release of leguminous plants in coffee agroforestry systems.

Leguminous plants used as green manure are an important nutrient source for coffee plantations, especially for soils with low nutrient levels. Field experiments were conducted in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Brazil to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release rates of four leguminous species used as green manures (Arachis pintoi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Stizolobium aterrimum and Stylosanthes guianensis) in a coffee agroforestry system under two different climate conditions. The initial N contents in plant residues varied from 25.7 to 37.0 g kg-1 and P from 2.4 to 3.0 g kg-1. The lignin/N, lignin/polyphenol and(lignin+polyphenol)/N ratios were low in all residues studied. Mass loss rates were highest in the first 15 days, when 25 % of the residues were decomposed. From 15 to 30 days, the decomposition rate decreased on both farms. On the farm in Pedra Dourada (PD), the decomposition constant k increased in the order C. mucunoides < S. aterrimum < S. guianensis < A. pintoi. On the farm in Araponga (ARA), there was no difference in the decomposition rate among leguminous plants. The N release rates varied from 0.0036 to 0.0096 d-1. Around 32 % of the total N content in the plant material was released in the first 15 days. In ARA, the N concentration in the S. aterrimum residues was always significantly higher than in the other residues. At the end of 360 days, the N released was 78 % in ARA and 89 % in PD of the initial content. Phosphorus was the most rapidly released nutrient (k values from 0.0165 to 0.0394 d-1). Residue decomposition and nutrient release did not correlate with initial residue chemistry and biochemistry, but differences in climatic conditions between the two study sites modified the decomposition rate constants