Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Trade in Manufactures : A Singapore Perspective(<Special Issue>Commemorative Issue on the Retirement of Professor Shinichi Ichimura: Economic and Social Changes in Southeast Asia)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Chapter 7. Singapore growth model: its strengths and its weaknesses

Abstract not available

Chapter 2. Unpreparedness in the great recession

Abstract not available

Chapter 1. The National Wages Council (NWC) and macroeconomic management in Singapore

Abstract not available

Trade in manufactures: a Singapore perspective

Southeast Asian Studies (Kyoto)253317-34

Singapore's high wage policy revisited

The author, now aged 90, reflects on the then highly iconoclastic National Wages Council (NWC) recommendation of a 20% yearly gross wage increase guideline for three years, 1979-1981. He emphasizes the important differences between the negotiable and the non-negotiable recommended wage increases. He also emphasizes the important difference between a pure percentage wage increase and a quantum plus percentage wage increase formula particularly in the integral economic restructuring program. The compulsory payments consisting of the important Central Provident Fund (CPF) increases and the new Restructuring Skills Development Fund (SDF) Levy. The increase in the compulsory CPF led to the formation of the Sovereign Wealth Fund-The Government Investment Corporation (GIC). The restructuring led to the creation of the SDF. The SDF was used to promote labor productivity through the then equally iconoclastic substitution of capital for labor programs. The end result of the restructuring policy was to minimize demand-pull inflationary pressures, increase the gross wages of low-wage and medium-wage workers and increase real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rates, accompanied by an important fall in the Gini Coefficient of income inequality. The anti-cyclical preparedness of the high-wage economic restructuring program is also emphasized and the idea of discussing the high-wage policy in isolation is debunked

Southeast Asia The Long Road Ahead

li,376 hlm,;24 x16 c

Chapter 1. The deepening global recession and the Great Depression fear

Abstract not available

Đông Nam Á chặng đường dài phía trước

463 tr. ; 21 c