Colon Carcinogenesis: The interplay between diet and gut microbiota

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed to low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive consumption of red processed meats, alcohol, and low dietary fiber content. There is growing evidence of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears to be a direct causal role for gut microbes in the development of CRC in some animal models, the link between diet, gut microbes, and colonic carcinogenesis has been established largely as an association rather than as a cause-and-effect relationship. This is especially true for human studies. As essential dietary factors influence CRC risk, the role of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and their end products are considered as part of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota. The underlying molecular mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis mediated by gut microbiota are also discussed. Human biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all influence dysbiosis and consequently CRC carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis could add to CRC risk by shifting the effect of dietary components toward promoting a colonic neoplasm together with interacting with gut microbiota. It follows that dietary intervention and gut microbiota modulation may play a vital role in reducing CRC risk

Recent Advancement of Sustainable and Renewable Energy in Osmotic Power Generation

Investment in clean energy is demand in this century due to abundance of CO2 accumulation in the world to cause several environmental issues. Therefore, harvesting clean energy may assist in reducing carbon footprint in the world to create a green environment for sustainable living. The salinity gradient energy is one of the clean energies with the concept of mixing both salt concentration water from the ocean and fresh water from the river to create an osmotic pressure to power-up the generator for the production of electrical energy. Salinity different between the oceanic salt water and fresh water could produce an equilibrium osmotic pressure that achieve up to 27 bars equivalent from resulting pressure under the water for 200 to 300 meters. The potential of the power production through osmosis power generator is capture at the value of 2000 TWh per year, where in 2018 the world energy consumption was growing 2.3%, in which twice the number compare to the average rate of the growth. The major energy consumption is contributed from fossil fuel and consequently resulted from emissions of CO2 increased to 33.1 Gt to the atmosphere. This work explained the advantage of using salinity gradient energy and the fundamental principle of blue energy from pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). Thus, the osmotic power by using different salinity gradient to create energy is widely known as blue energy, in which it is green and sustainable to produce electricity to the local communities

Lipid and protein from black soldier fly larvae fed with self- fermented coconut waste medium

This study explored the potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in producing lipid and protein as well as its ability to treat the organic waste by rearing at different fermentation periods of coconut waste medium (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Growth rate of larvae was determined by studying the changes in the larvae biomass weight per rearing duration. The BSFL fed with 4 weeks of feed showed the highest growth rate and weight followed by week 6 and week 8. Week 4 attained the highest value for lipid (42.74 ± 2.06)% and week without fermentation had the lowest value of lipid (32.96 ± 1.99)%. Protein content obtained from the BSFL was increasing with fermentation period. The highest protein content was larvae fed with 8 weeks fermentation (18.63 ± 0.18)%. The lowest protein content was also larvae fed with without fermentation medium (10.81 ± 0.11)%. Waste reduction rate (WRR) was the highest when the larvae were fed with medium without fermentation that was (0.024 ± 0.001) g/d. The lowest WRR was when the larvae were fed with 8 week fermentation medium (0.015 ± 0.001) g/d. The highest Efficiency of Converted of Digested Food (ECD) value was found in sample of 4 week fermentation medium (0.093 ± 0.003). The lowest ECD value was found in the sample without fermentation (0.063 ± 0.002)

Managing geography learning objects using personalized project spaces in G-Portal

8 page(s

Supporting field study with personalized project spaces in a geographical digital library

10 page(s

Managing media rich geo-spatial annotations for a map-based mobile application using clustering

The world has still to emerge fully from the housing-triggered Global Financial Crisis, but housing crises are not new. The history of housing shows long-run social progress, littered with major disasters; nevertheless the progress is often forgotten, whilst the difficulties hit the headlines. Housing Economics provides a long-term economic perspective on macro and urban housing issues, from the Victorian era onwards. A historical perspective sheds light on modern problems and the constraints on what can be achieved; it concentrates on the key policy issues of housing supply, affordability, tenure, the distribution of migrant communities, mortgage markets and household mobility. Local case studies are interwoven with city-wide aggregate analysis. Three sets of issues are addressed: the underlying reasons for the initial establishment of residential neighbourhoods, the processes that generate growth, decline and patterns of integration/segregation, and the impact of historical development on current problems and the implications for policy

Tagnsearch: Searching and navigating geo-referenced collections of photographs

A*STAR gran