Matrix Model of Cooperative Translation

The article deals with modelling the translation process performed in the frameworks of a translation project in a team that consists of translators and experts from related fields. This type of collaborative activity is denoted by the term “cooperative translation” studied from the perspective of the integrative approach and synergetics. The cooperative translation of a photo album, which describes museum exhibits was chosen as the material for the study. The analysis of the operational processes of the project is presented by means of a matrix model in two variants: an organizational matrix and a responsibility matrix. Both models imply the intersection of horizontal and vertical alignment of management and communication levels with a description of the roles of participants, their position in the project matrix structure, characteristics of functional responsibilities and the degree of involvement in the project. The authors proposed a hypothesis about the effectiveness of the matrix format for visualizing operational processes in cooperative translation activities and adapting the communication flows between the participants, which is validated by empirical data. The findings confirm the practicality of the modelling and mapping methodology to describing cooperative activities within a translation project. The article indicates further directions that work should take including a deeper analysis of cooperative translation from a cognitive perspective with reference to embodied cognition of a related research area

RETHINKING THE TRANSLATOR’S ROLE WITHIN THE GILT PROJECT: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Over the last few decades the scope of the translator’s role has extended from being a me-diator between source and target texts and is now seen within a purely linguistic approach to establishing his/her own integrated dynamic reality of digital texts and virtual database. Within an integrated approach, we propose that equivalence can be considered from the neutralized position of a translator who needs to conform with translational norms as well as render the communicative purpose of the sender; the text content includes stylistic peculiarities and non-verbal information. In terms of the localization industry, the leading factor should be translational norms incorporated into the system with the help of special software to determine certain modes of translation, the foreignizing mode, domesticating mode, internationalizing mode, and localization mode. With the GILT paradigm the translation model is developing into a new concept that consolidates complex integrated solutions for the translation process

ENGLISH-RUSSIAN HYBRID WORDS IN TRANSLATED TEXT: ON LINGUISTIC INTERFERENCE AND NORMS OF TRANSLATION

The article discusses the influence of Russian-English functional bilingualism of IT and tech specialists on the formation of translation norms in the corresponding field. The research is carried out within the framework of sociology of translation and descriptive approach in translation studies. It investigates the patterns in the usage of hybrid lexemes combining Russian and English graphemes, e.g. IoT-устройство (IoT-device), API-интер- фейс (API-interface) and Open Source-приложение (open source application) in translations. Methodologically, the study resorts to the theoretical stance of sociology of translation, namely the concepts of translation norm, represented in the works by G. Toury and A. Chesterman, translator’s habitus and the field of translation, as well as corpus-based methodology. It utilizes a comparable corpus of translated and non-translated articles published by Russian IT business magazines itWeek, Computerworld and Novosti Elektroniki (Electronics News) in 2017. Hybrids are shown to be more common in non-translated text, which can be viewed as an aspect of the expectancy norm. Qualitative study revealed the following patterns in hybrid usage in translation. Most of the hybrids used in translation are the direct result of the transfer of original English analytical structures. Hybrids are also used in translation as part of pragmatic positive interference, which shows the translator’s reliance on the recipient’s extensive background knowledge of the subject, as well as command of the English language. Interference, both positive and negative, is argued to be the aspect of the expectancy norm present in the field of technology-oriented media translation