The influence of active breaks in the long jump on sports performance

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of the active pause between trials, on the performance of the long jump. The research was conducted in similar conditions to the competitions. Thirty athletes (18 women and 12 men) volunteer for this research and were divided into two mixed groups with an age range from 13-15 years (Mean: 13.87±0.75 years). We selected one group to maintain an active pause between the trials and instructed the other group to rest between the trials. In order to compare the effect of an active pause with the resting period significant parameters for the long jump were measured for this study, the speed of the run-up and the length of the jump performed, and also the athlete’s Heart Rate (HR) before each trial. The study showed that there were significant correlations between HR and the speed of the run-up in the 5th (p=.018) and 6th (p=.005) trials and also between the HR and the performance of the long jump for the final two trials, whereas for the 5th (p=.044) and 6th (p=.028). Nevertheless, there were no significant correlations between the HR and the velocity of the run-up or the performance of the jump for the first four trials. An active pause between trials can determine an increase in the performance of the long jump and also is maintaining a constant speed index on the run-up

Particularities of the changes in young swimmers’ body adaptation to the stimuli of physical and mental stress in sports training process

Background A factor favoring the swimming performance increase is the adaptation and readaptation of body energetic and functional systems to the physical and mental stress stimuli in training and competitions. The efficiency of monitoring the young swimmers’ training is based on a precise determination of the changes in the specific adaptations. The evaluation and control of the biochemical, mental and motor changes ensure the knowledge of the particularities of body adaptation in different training stages. Methods Six young swimmers aged 12–16 years specialized in 100 m event participated in this study, conducted in four stages (E1–general, E2–specific, E3–pre-competitive and E4–competitive). The distress occurrence during adaptation to training and competition stimuli was studied in 3 levels: mental (Cohen & Williamson Test (CWT), Cohen Perceived Stress Test (CPST), Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), Crăciun Test (CT)), motor (workouts monitoring, planning of means on training areas, anaerobic threshold assessment and average training speed calculation) and biochemical (blood lactate (La) and blood glucose (Glu) before and after effort—5 and 15 minutes; level of metabolic biochemical parameters, lymphocytes and blood glucose, and also hormonal parameters—norepinephrine, prolactin and cortisol—before and after competition effort). Results Quantity results of the mental, motor and biochemical tests were analyzed in groups; the quality results for each subject in dynamics were analyzed by comparison and correlation. Psychological tests showed increases in athletes’ mental behavior by 34% at CWT (p < 0.05), by 37.5% at CPST (p < 0.05), average stress level at SCAT and 70% stress in self-confidence at CT (p < 0.01). Biochemical tests revealed an ascending dynamics of La accumulated after specific effort, with peaks in E2 period (p < 0.05) and decreases in E3 compared to E2 (p < 0.05), revealing the adaptation to specific effort and the increase in anaerobic capacity. The Glu values decrease in pre-effort and increase in minute 5 and 15 post-effort (p < 0.05) in E2 and decrease in pre- and post- effort in E3 (p < 0.05), showing the effort impact on body and ability to recover after effort. Athletes’ individual metabolic results were 50% above maximum values, mainly post-effort (42%); hormonal results were 17% over maximum values, mainly post-effort (14%). Spearman’s correlative analysis of the induced-stress stimuli in workouts revealed 6.06% significant correlations at p < 0.05 and 9.1% strong connections in competitions: 4.67% significant correlations at p < 0.05 and 6.4% strong connections. Conclusion The research demonstrated that the mental and biochemical tests results correlation with the specific motor tests facilitated the correct individualization of effort orientation in training and recovery and contributed to the knowledge of the particularities of young swimmers’ body adaptation to training and competition effort

Clinical and Experimental Biomechanical Studies Regarding Innovative Implants in Traumatology

Fracture treatment has experienced a fascinating evolution in the last years. The aim of this chapter is to reveal some clinical and biomechanical studies regarding innovative implants. After a short introduction (1), we intend to present our results regarding (2) dynamic condylar screw versus condylar blade plate in complex supracondylar femoral fractures; (3) biomechanical analysis of four types of implants in humeral fractures; (4) clinical and experimental studies for optimal stabilization of trochanteric fractures: the gliding nail; (5) intramedullary XS nail for pilon and ankle fractures: design, biomechanics, and clinical results; (6) the XS nail for the treatment of patella and olecranon fractures; and (7) plates with polyaxial stability for fractures of distal radius and proximal humerus. In conclusion, the authors highlight the advantages of these innovative implants in difficult trauma cases

The Improvement of the Adult's life Quality by the Body Autoplasty Effects of the Physical Exercises

AbstractWe have dealt with the research from the perspective of the definition given to health by W.H.O.: “health is that certain est ate of wellness from physical, mental and social point of view and it doesn’t represent the lack of illness or disability”. The most important problem which sedentariness produce rises from that view according to which it doesn’t represent only a momentary estate, it becomes a real lifestyle an extremely unhealthy way to live. Physical inactivity affects not only the individuals but also the whole social communities group, and the effects of sedentariness over the world's population mean and imply extremely high costs. The purpose of the paper is to promote the body autoplasty concept through physical exercise by stimulating the psychological resources of the self-consciousness and self image, by making each individual aware of the necessity of practicing physical exercises for body shape in order to improve the quality of his/ her life. The experiment proves that some independent variables of the quality of life are influenced by reaching body autoplasty through physical exercise when its use takes into account the appropriate didactical strategy which is focused on the operational objectives meant to improve the physical state and/or individual body shaping/re-shaping

Biomass burning aerosols characterization from ground based and profiling measurements

The study goal is to assess the chemical and optical properties of aerosols present in the lofted layers and at the ground. The biomass burning aerosols were evaluated in low level layers from multi-wavelength lidar measurements, while chemical composition at ground was assessed using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and an Aethalometer. Classification of aerosol type and specific organic markers were used to explore the potential to sense the particles from the same origin at ground base and on profiles

Biomass burning aerosols characterization from ground based and profiling measurements

The study goal is to assess the chemical and optical properties of aerosols present in the lofted layers and at the ground. The biomass burning aerosols were evaluated in low level layers from multi-wavelength lidar measurements, while chemical composition at ground was assessed using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and an Aethalometer. Classification of aerosol type and specific organic markers were used to explore the potential to sense the particles from the same origin at ground base and on profiles