Co‐occurrence and clustering of sedentary behaviors, diet, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and alcohol intake among adolescents and adults: The latin american nutrition and health study (elans)

Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co‐exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen‐time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio‐demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle‐income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co‐occur in the LA population.University of San FranciscoRevisión por pare

Adaptación a los cambios ambientales y territoriales

En este libro se abordan temáticas que destacan la adaptación de los distintos sectores de población a los cambios ambientales y territoriales, la cual muestra las respuestas a la incidencia de los estímulos del entorno, económico, social y ambiental. Así, se destaca la exposición de la población a los efectos destructivos de las amenazas y peligros naturales, lo que ha despertado interés en conocer sus causas, prevenir y mitigar el daño. A través de la revisión de estudios se induce la aprehensión de un tema que adquiere importancia en el contexto de los impactos globales, regionales y locales que se producen como consecuencia de la vulnerabilidad estructural característica de los países en desarrollo.En este libro se proponen estrategias de prevención ante la ocurrencia periódica de inundación en San Mateo Atenco, Estado de México y se analizan los factores sociales que inciden en el deterioro del bosque templado en San Lorenzo Huitzitzilapan. También se exponen soluciones para que se mejoren la condición del bosque y la calidad de vida de la población.Proyecto realizado con financiamiento de la Secretaría de Educación Pública-Subsecretaría de Educación Superior-Dirección General de Educación Superior Universitaria. Número del convenio con la SEP: 2017-15-001-017

Co-Occurrence and Clustering of Sedentary Behaviors, Diet, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Alcohol Intake among Adolescents and Adults: The Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS)

Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co-exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio-demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen-time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio-demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle-income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co-occur in the LA population

Nutritional risk is associated with an increase of in-hospital mortality and a reduction of being discharged home: Results of the 2009–2015 nutritionDay survey

Antecedentes: La desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad es un factor conocido de malos resultados. Sin embargo, existe una falta de conocimiento sobre la prevalencia y el impacto del riesgo nutricional en los resultados en Colombia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del riesgo nutricional, conocer cómo se realiza de forma rutinaria el cribado nutricional y determinar el impacto del riesgo nutricional en los resultados de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria y el alta domiciliaria. Métodos: Realizamos un análisis descriptivo de datos seleccionados de 7 muestras consecutivas, anuales y transversales de NutritionDay (2009-2015) que incluyeron un total de 7.994 pacientes adultos en 248 unidades en Colombia. Los datos se contrastan con los resultados latinoamericanos y mundiales. La prevalencia de riesgo nutricional se determinó de acuerdo con la herramienta de detección de desnutrición (MST). El impacto del riesgo nutricional en los pacientes colombianos con respecto a los resultados se evaluó mediante un modelo de regresión de riesgo competitivo Fine y Gray que controla la puntuación PANDORA (edad, IMC, duración de la estadía antes del día de la nutrición, diagnóstico de cáncer y movilidad). Resultados: La prevalencia de riesgo nutricional (puntaje MST ≥ 2) en Colombia fue de 38%, 41% en América Latina y 32% en todo el mundo. La mitad de las unidades colombianas examinaban a los pacientes en busca de desnutrición o riesgo nutricional al ingreso al hospital, en comparación con el 80% en América Latina y el 62% en todo el mundo. Solo el 23% de los pacientes colombianos identificados como en riesgo nutricional en la encuesta NutritionDay recibieron alguna terapia nutricional. La razón de riesgo de mortalidad hospitalaria de los pacientes colombianos en riesgo nutricional definido por MST fue de 1,94 (IC 95%, 1,53,2,46; p <0,001) y 0,82 de alta domiciliaria (IC 95%, 0,76,0,88, p <0,001). Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio a gran escala en Colombia que evalúa el impacto del riesgo nutricional en los resultados clínicos que muestra un aumento de la mortalidad hospitalaria y una reducción del alta hospitalaria. Además, el estudio muestra que el riesgo nutricional sigue siendo muy prevalente en todo el mundo, lo que implica la necesidad de promover un cuidado nutricional óptimo. La participación de los países de América Latina en la encuesta NutritionDay es una oportunidad para aumentar el conocimiento y la conciencia sobre estos temas.Background: Disease-related malnutrition is a known factor for poor outcomes. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the prevalence and the impact of nutritional risk on outcomes in Colombia. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk, to know how nutrition screening is routinely performed and to determine the impact of nutritional risk on the outcomes of in-hospital mortality and being discharged home outcomes. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of selected data from 7 consecutive, annual, and cross-sectional nutritionDay samples (2009–2015) including a total of 7,994 adult patients in 248 units in Colombia. Data is contrasted with the Latin American and worldwide results. The prevalence of nutritional risk was determined according to the malnutrition screening tool (MST). The impact of nutritional risk in Colombian patients regarding outcomes was assessed by a Fine and Gray competing risk regression model controlling for PANDORA score (age, BMI, length of stay before nutritionDay, cancer diagnosis, and mobility). Results: The prevalence of nutritional risk (MST score ≥ 2) in Colombia was 38%, 41% in Latin America, and 32% worldwide. Half of the Colombian units screened patients for malnutrition or nutritional risk on admission to hospital, compared to 80% in Latin America and 62% worldwide. Only 23% of the Colombian patients identified as being at nutritional risk in the nutritionDay survey received any nutritional therapy. The hospital mortality hazard ratio of Colombian patients at nutritional risk defined by MST was 1.94 (95% CI, 1.53,2.46; p < 0.001) and 0.82 of being discharged home (95% CI, 0.76,0.88, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study in Colombia evaluating the impact of nutritional risk on clinical outcomes showing an increase of in-hospital mortality and a reduction of being discharged home. Moreover, the study shows that nutritional risk is still highly prevalent worldwide implying the need to promote an optimal nutritional care. The participation of Latin American countries in the nutritionDay survey is an opportunity to increase knowledge and awareness of these issues

Joint Association between Sedentary Time and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity with Obesity Risk in Adults from Latin America

Recent studies have shown various relationships between physical activity and the incidence of obesity, but this study critically explored the association of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with obesity risk in adults from eight Latin American countries. ST and MVPA were assessed with accelerometers and stratified into 16 joint categories. Multivariate logistic regression models were used. The obesity risk indicators evaluated were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and neck circumference (NC). Quartile 4 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA was associated with lower odds of BMI compared to quartile 1 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA. Quartile 1 of ST and 150–299 min/week of MVPA, quartile 1 of ST and 76–149 min/week MVPA, quartile 3 of ST and 76–149 min/week MVPA, and quartiles 1, 2, and 3 of ST with 0–74 min/week MVPA were associated with higher odds of high WC compared to quartile 1 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA. Quartile 3 of ST and 150–299 min/week of MVPA, quartiles 1 and 3 of ST and 76–149 min/week of MVPA, and quartile 1 of ST and 0–74 min/week MVPA were associated with higher NC compared to quartile 1 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA. This study suggests that achieving the MVPA recommendations will likely protect against obesity, regardless of ST