The perceived motivational climate in sport questionnaire: Construct and predictive validity

This is the publisher's version, also found at http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=f909d02f-c54f-4073-bc48-6b3271014d3a%40sessionmgr14&vid=1&hid=2&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=s3h&AN=SPH322458The purpose of this study was to further examine the construct and predictive validity of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire or PMCSQ. Young athletes (N = 169, M age = 14.2 plus minus 1.94 years) on teams competing in an amateur international competition completed questionnaires measuring perceived motivational climate, the degree of worry experienced while participating, and team satisfaction. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit of the data with the hypothetical measurement model. In terms of the predictive utility of the PMCSQ, perceptions of a mastery climate were positively related to satisfaction with being a member on the team and negatively associated with performance worry. In contrast, perceptions of a performance climate were positively associated with concerns about failing and the adequacy of one's performance and negatively correlated with team satisfaction. Future directions in terms of instrument development and research on motivational climate in the sport setting are presented

Prediction of achievement-related cognitions and behaviors in the physical domain: A test of the theories of goal perspective and self-efficacy

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the theories of goal perspective and self-efficacy in terms of the predictions of selected achievement-related cognitions and behaviors. Eighty male college students were recruited to participate in a competitive cycling-related task. The results related to the first purpose of this investigation indicated that dispositional goal orientation had a significant impact on subjects\u27 perceived competence, self-reported exerted effort, enjoyment, task selection, and cycling performance. The prediction of goal perspective theory with respect to performance was fully supported. For people who were high ego-/low task-oriented, their cycling performance impaired significantly when they experienced low competence and lost the races. Relating to the second purpose, this investigation supported the utility of self-efficacy theory in predicting self-reported exerted effort, enjoyment, and cycling performance. Moreover, path analysis provided a causal evidence in support self-efficacy theory specific to the prediction of performance. Once subjects had experience with respect to the task, self-efficacy significantly predicted cycling performance. Subjects\u27 past performance also strongly affected their subsequent performance. Self-satisfaction seems to reflect subjects\u27 affective response after a competitive encounter more than a predictor of subsequent performance. The third purpose of this investigation was to compare the utility of goal perspective theory and self-efficacy theory. The results of this study suggested that both model predicted achievement-related cognitions and behaviors in the physical domain. Future research focused on the dynamic processes of achievement motivation which identifies and combines the constructs of both theoretical frameworks is advocated. Moreover, further multi-theory testing including the goal perspective model of motivation is called for in the context of physical task performance

The Relationship of Perceived Motivational Climate to Intrinsic Motivation and Beliefs about Success in Basketball

Drawing from contemporary goal perspective theories of achievement motivation, this investigation had as its primary purpose to determine the relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and attributional beliefs in a sport setting. This study also examined the degree to which the dependent variables of interest are a function of situational goal structure, dispositional goal orientations, or both. Subjects, 105 male basketball players from nine varsity high school teams, were requested to complete the four instruments. Results indicated that the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire was comprised of two valid and reliable subscales, the Mastery and Performance Climate scales. Perceptions of a mastery-oriented climate positively related to reported enjoyment and the belief that effort leads to achievement. Perceptions of a performance-oriented climate were associated with the view that superior ability causes success. In general, indices of intrinsic motivation and attributional beliefs were best predicted by dispositional goal orientation.</jats:p

A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Method Based on Multidimensional Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

The disadvantages of the traditional Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging method based on Fourier transform include large data storage and long collection time. The Compressive Sensing (CS) theory can use limited data to restore an image with the sparsity of the image, reducing the cost of data collection. However for multidimensional data, the traditional compressive sensing methods need to convert three-dimensional data into a one-dimensional vector, causing the storage and calculation burden. Therefore, this study proposes a fast MultiDimensional Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers ((MD-ADMM)) sparse reconstruction method for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output ISAR (MIMO-ISAR) imaging. The CS model based on the tensor signal was established, and the model with the ADMM algorithm was optimized. The measured matrix is decomposed into a tensor modal product, and matrix inversion is replaced by tensor element division, significantly reducing memory consumption and computational burden. Fast ISAR imaging can be achieved by a small amount of data sampling by the proposed method. Compared with other tensor compressed sensing methods, this method has the advantages of stronger robustness, higher image quality, and computational efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method can be invalidated by simulated and measured data