PUUV prevalence per year cohort

Prevalence of Puumala hantavirus infection in a cyclic, boreal bank vole population during a 7-year capture-mark-recapture study. Prevalences per bank vole year cohort and trapping session. Key to variable names on a separate worksheet

Prevalence of PUUV per trapping session

Prevalence of Puumala hantavirus infection in a cyclic, boreal bank vole population during a 7-year capture-mark-recapture study. Prevalence per trapping session. Key to variable names on a separate worksheet

Seroconversion rate per trapping session

Rate of Puumala hantavirus seroconversion (acquisition of specific antibodies) in a cyclic, boreal bank vole population during a 7-year capture-mark-recapture study. Rates per trapping session. Key to variable names on a separate worksheet

Seroconversion rate per year cohort

Rate of Puumala hantavirus seroconversion (acquisition of specific antibodies) in a cyclic, boreal bank vole population during a 7-year capture-mark-recapture study. Rates per bank vole year cohort and trapping session. Key to variable names on a separate worksheet

Kinetics of diagnostic markers.

<p>Relative amounts (A–D) and the probability of a positive result (E–H) of DENV-RNA, NS1 protein, and DENV specific IgM and IgG antibodies in the serum samples of 93 patients with acute dengue fever. Solid lines indicate predicted means (A–D), and probabilities (E–H) from generalized additive mixed models (GAMM), and dashed lines their 95% confidence intervals. In A–D, the circles serve to illustrate individual observations; in E–H, the circles show the positive/negative test results at each given time point, the size of the circle being proportional to the number of observations.</p

<b>Clinical characteristics of the 93 travelers with dengue.</b>

a<p>Reference values for males/females in parentheses.</p>b<p>At least once during the 21 days since illness onset. The timing of serum sampling was not standardized.</p>c<p>Selection criterion for entering the study.</p>d<p>Diagnosed according to current practice.</p>e<p>Of these patients, 9/17 (53%) were positive for PCR or NS1 at some point. The patients negative for PCR and NS1 provided samples on illness days 6–21.</p>f<p>Duration of hospitalization: median 4 days, interquartile range 3 to 6 days.</p><p>Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; DENV, dengue virus; Hb, hemoglobin; Hcr, hematocrit.</p

Kinetics of diagnostic combinations.

<p>The solid lines and shaded areas provide the predicted probabilities and their 95% confidence intervals for at least one of the two diagnostic tests showing a positive result on a given day of illness. Non-solid lines indicate the predicted probabilities of positive result for each test alone. The circles illustrate time points of samples negative in both tests, the size of the circle being proportional to the number of observations.</p

Brain of bank voles at 8 dpi.

<p>A–D. Cortex with moderate non-suppurative to mixed inflammation, mainly centred around veins. A. Vein packed with leukocytes that also emigrate from the vessel, form a perivascular cuff and are present in the adjacent parenchyma (arrows). HE stain; Bar = 20 µm. B. Vein with marked perivascular and parenchymal accumulation of leukocytes, numerous of which exhibit degenerative changes consistent with apoptosis (arrows). HE stain; Bar = 10 µm. C. Staining for cleaved caspase-3 confirms that leukocytes in both perivascular cuffs and adjacent parenchyma die via apoptosis (arrows). Peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, Papanicolaou's hematoxylin counterstain; Bar = 10 µm. D. Staining for lysozyme identifies the vast majority of infiltrating leukocytes in the perivascular infiltrates as macrophages and neutrophils. Peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, Papanicolaou's hematoxylin counterstain; Bar = 10 µm. E. Macrophages (lysozyme positive) are also found in parenchymal infiltrates and surrounding neurons (arrows) in satellitosis. Peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, Papanicolaou's hematoxylin counterstain; Bar = 10 µm. F, G. Expression of viral antigen. F. Cortex with scattered positive neurons, one of which is surrounded by microglia/macrophages (satellitosis). G. Hippocampus. Viral antigen in pyramidal cells and their processes (arrows). Horseradish peroxidase method, Papanicolaou's hematoxylin counterstain; Bars = 10 µm.</p

Timescales of the experimental infection studies.

<p>Timescales of the experimental infection studies.</p

<b>Background characteristics of the 93 travelers with dengue.</b>

<p>The median age of patients was 37 years (interquartile range: 28 to 45 years).</p>a<p>Data missing for two patients.</p>b<p>Data missing for one patient.</p