Bhs: An Novel Scheduling Strategy on Modern Processors

AbstractIn order to design a faster CPU, it is becoming more and more complex on the CPU architecture. But many-core is incompatible with the current programming mode designed for single-core CPU. This paper proposes a Block level Hardware-based Scheduling (BHS) on many-core architecture. The two main features are: First, design and implement a block-based hardware scheduler to reduce the overhead of threads, and to get a faster communication between processing units; second, it is very applicable to small and scalable cores on many-core architecture that is tightly coupled in the cores group, loosely coupled between groups. And a variety of parallel techniques would effectively exploit

Robust Temporal Averaging of Time Intervals Between Action and Sensation

Perception of the time interval between one’s own action (a finger tapping) and the associated sensory feedback (a visual flash or an auditory beep) is critical for precise and flexible control of action and behavioral decision. Previous studies have examined temporal averaging for multiple time intervals and its role for perceptual organization and crossmodal integration. In the present study, we extended the temporal averaging from sensory stimuli to the coupling of action and its sensory feedback. We investigated whether and how temporal averaging could be achieved with respect to the multiple intervals in a sequence of action-sensory feedback events, and hence affect the subsequent timing behavior. In unimodal task, participants voluntarily tapped their index finger at a constant pace while receiving auditory feedback (beeps) with varied intervals as well as variances throughout the sequence. In crossmodal task, for a given sequence, each tap was accompanied randomly with either visual flash or auditory beep as sensory feedback. When the sequence was over, observers produced a subsequent tap with either auditory or visual stimulus, which enclose a probe interval. In both tasks, participants were required to make a two alternative forced choice (2AFC), to indicate whether the target interval is shorter or longer than the mean interval between taps and their associated sensory events in the preceding sequence. In both scenarios, participants’ judgments of the probe interval suggested that they had internalized the mean interval associated with specific bindings of action and sensation, showing a robust temporal averaging process for the interval between action and sensation

Video Game Telemetry as a Critical Tool in the Study of Complex Skill Learning

Cognitive science has long shown interest in expertise, in part because prediction and control of expert development would have immense practical value. Most studies in this area investigate expertise by comparing experts with novices. The reliance on contrastive samples in studies of human expertise only yields deep insight into development where differences are important throughout skill acquisition. This reliance may be pernicious where the predictive importance of variables is not constant across levels of expertise. Before the development of sophisticated machine learning tools for data mining larger samples, and indeed, before such samples were available, it was difficult to test the implicit assumption of static variable importance in expertise development. To investigate if this reliance may have imposed critical restrictions on the understanding of complex skill development, we adopted an alternative method, the online acquisition of telemetry data from a common daily activity for many: video gaming. Using measures of cognitive-motor, attentional, and perceptual processing extracted from game data from 3360 Real-Time Strategy players at 7 different levels of expertise, we identified 12 variables relevant to expertise. We show that the static variable importance assumption is false - the predictive importance of these variables shifted as the levels of expertise increased - and, at least in our dataset, that a contrastive approach would have been misleading. The finding that variable importance is not static across levels of expertise suggests that large, diverse datasets of sustained cognitive-motor performance are crucial for an understanding of expertise in real-world contexts. We also identify plausible cognitive markers of expertise

DoReMi: Grounding Language Model by Detecting and Recovering from Plan-Execution Misalignment

Large language models encode a vast amount of semantic knowledge and possess remarkable understanding and reasoning capabilities. Previous research has explored how to ground language models in robotic tasks to ensure that the sequences generated by the language model are both logically correct and practically executable. However, low-level execution may deviate from the high-level plan due to environmental perturbations or imperfect controller design. In this paper, we propose DoReMi, a novel language model grounding framework that enables immediate Detection and Recovery from Misalignments between plan and execution. Specifically, LLMs are leveraged for both planning and generating constraints for planned steps. These constraints can indicate plan-execution misalignments and we use a vision question answering (VQA) model to check constraints during low-level skill execution. If certain misalignment occurs, our method will call the language model to re-plan in order to recover from misalignments. Experiments on various complex tasks including robot arms and humanoid robots demonstrate that our method can lead to higher task success rates and shorter task completion times. Videos of DoReMi are available at https://sites.google.com/view/doremi-paper.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figure

Modeling and analysis of urban rail plug door system based on Petri net and SDG diagram

The on-the-road fault diagnosis of the urban rail train passenger compartment door is a weak field in the world research. At present, most of the fault diagnosis and monitoring models for door systems are based on the analysis of historical data. Under the background of continuous development and innovation of railroad crossing equipment, it is urgent to study the model of door system suitable for online monitoring and fault diagnosis. The modeling method combining SDG(signed directed graph) diagram and Petri net is adopted. The Petri net with improved conditional fuzzy time constraint is the first layer, and the SDG diagram is the second layer. Through the dynamic simulation and concurrent processing capability of Petri net, the dynamic process simulation of the system is carried out. At the same time, the SDG map and the Petri net are connected by means of standard tables; The SDG diagram is used to construct a hazard identification and fault mining for the causal relationship between related variables in a certain state of the library. Aiming at the urban rail passenger room plug door system, the model is established and the online safety monitoring hidden danger mining process of the model method in the urban rail plug door is analyzed

Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Prevents Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction by Restoring Autophagosome Processing in Cardiac Fibroblasts

Background/Aims: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in the regulation of gene transcription, cardiac development, and diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inhibition of HDACs improves cardiac remodeling and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model. Methods: The HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA, 0.1 mg/kg/day) was administered via daily intraperitoneal injections for 8 consecutive weeks after MI in C57/BL mice. Echocardiography and tissue histopathology were used to assess cardiac function. Cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) were subjected to simulated hypoxia in vitro. Autophagic flux was measured using the tandem fluorescent mCherry-GFP-LC3 assay. Western blot was used to detect autophagic biomarkers. Results: After 8 weeks, the inhibition of HDACs in vivo resulted in improved cardiac remodeling and hence better ventricular function. MI was associated with increased LC3-II expression and the accumulation of autophagy adaptor protein p62, indicating impaired autophagic flux, which was reversed by TSA treatment. Cultured NRCFs exhibited increased cell death after simulated hypoxia in vitro. Increased cell death was associated with markedly increased numbers of autophagosomes but not autolysosomes, as assessed by punctate dual fluorescent mCherry-green fluorescent protein tandem-tagged light chain-3 expression, indicating that hypoxia resulted in impaired autophagic flux. Importantly, TSA treatment reversed hypoxia-induced impaired autophagic flux and led to a 40% decrease in cell death. This was accompanied by improved mitochondrial membrane potential. The beneficial effects of TSA therapy were abolished by RNAi intervention targeting LAMP2; likewise, in vivo delivery of chloroquine abolished the TSA-mediated cardioprotective effects. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that the HDAC inhibitor TSA prevents cardiac remodeling after MI and is dependent on restoring autophagosome processing of cardiac fibroblasts

Interaction of perceptual grouping and crossmodal temporal capture in tactile apparent-motion

Previous studies have shown that in tasks requiring participants to report the direction of apparent motion, task-irrelevant mono-beeps can "capture'' visual motion perception when the beeps occur temporally close to the visual stimuli. However, the contributions of the relative timing of multimodal events and the event structure, modulating uni- and/or crossmodal perceptual grouping, remain unclear. To examine this question and extend the investigation to the tactile modality, the current experiments presented tactile two-tap apparent-motion streams, with an SOA of 400 ms between successive, left-/right-hand middle-finger taps, accompanied by task-irrelevant, non-spatial auditory stimuli. The streams were shown for 90 seconds, and participants' task was to continuously report the perceived (left-or rightward) direction of tactile motion. In Experiment 1, each tactile stimulus was paired with an auditory beep, though odd-numbered taps were paired with an asynchronous beep, with audiotactile SOAs ranging from -75 ms to 75 ms. Perceived direction of tactile motion varied systematically with audiotactile SOA, indicative of a temporal-capture effect. In Experiment 2, two audiotactile SOAs-one short (75 ms), one long (325 ms)-were compared. The long-SOA condition preserved the crossmodal event structure (so the temporal-capture dynamics should have been similar to that in Experiment 1), but both beeps now occurred temporally close to the taps on one side (even-numbered taps). The two SOAs were found to produce opposite modulations of apparent motion, indicative of an influence of crossmodal grouping. In Experiment 3, only odd-numbered, but not even-numbered, taps were paired with auditory beeps. This abolished the temporal-capture effect and, instead, a dominant percept of apparent motion from the audiotactile side to the tactile-only side was observed independently of the SOA variation. These findings suggest that asymmetric crossmodal grouping leads to an attentional modulation of apparent motion, which inhibits crossmodal temporal-capture effects