Revalorización de la forma en la planificación de los territorios uruguayos: mensajes de la geografía y de la herencia patrimonial

Hay momentos en la vida de una ciudad o de un territorio que demandan una nueva forma que reoriente su evolución, que fije, que innove, que dé imagen de marca, que relance otro ciclo. Una nueva forma, descubierta o inventada, un motivo de diseño que oriente su transformación física, la de su geografía, su dimensión espacial. Este trabajo muestra cómo en los últimos 15 años varios documentos de planificación en Uruguay han buscado poner en valor los mensajes de la geografía y de la herencia patrimonial a través de la forma a diferentes escalas territoriales: los arcos costeros, el relieve, las cuencas, los trazados fundacionales, sistemas de componentes patrimoniales, paisajes caracterizados, sistemas de espacios públicos, espacios de integración y lugares con su genio propio. Reivindica el valor del proyecto urbano y del proyecto de territorio y de la dimensión formal asociada al paisaje natural y cultural.There are moments in the life of a city or a territory, which demand the apparition of a new shape to reorient their evolution, to ratify and innovate, to give a brand image, to launch a new cycle. A new discovered or invented shape, a design motif orientating its physical and geographical transformation, its spatial dimension. This article illustrates how in the last 15 years several planning documents in Uruguay have sought to revaluate, through their shape, the messages of geography and patrimonial heritage, at different territorial scales: coastal arches, landform, watersheds, foundational outlines, heritage-component systems, characterized landscapes, public-space systems, spaces for integration and places with their own genius. It claims for the value of the urban and territorial project and the shape associated with the natural and cultural landscape.Peer Reviewe

THE ITALIAN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AND URBAN FOOD SECURITY

Opening speech and institutional greetings of the Worksho

primary cervicofacial nocardiosis due to nocardia asteroides in an adult immunocompetent patient

Sir, The Nocardia species are aerobic, lamentous grampositive bacteria, irregularly acid-fast staining that belong to the order Actinomycetales. Normally, Nocardia spp. are soil saprophytes, but N. asteroides may be found in the normal ora of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Four species of Nocardia are pathogenic in man: N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. caviae and N. madurae (1). N. asteroides is usually the agent of systemic pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts, while N. brasiliensis is the responsible agent in 74% of all cutaneous manifestations (1, 2). The skin is generally secondarily involved in disseminated systemic pulmonary diseases, due to haematogenous spread of N. asteroides, but it can also be primarily aVected. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis (PCN) accounts for only 5% of all nocardial infections and is caused mainly by N. brasiliensis (3, 4). PCN is characterized by numerFig. 1. In ammatory and ulcerative lesion of the nose. ous clinical manifestations: chronic mycetoma, super cial abscesses and cellulitis and lymphocutaneous increased ESR (93mm/h). Paraneoplastic serological variants. The last of these manifestations includes the markers, immunological investigations and HIV-1/2 more common sporotrichoid form (nodules along the serology were negative. Hemocultures were also lymphatic drainage) and the rarer cervicofacial variant. negative. We report an unusual case of primary cervicofacial Skull and chest X-rays were negative while ultrasononocardiosis caused by N. asteroides in an adult graphy revealed gross hypoecogenic non-homogeneous immunocompetent man. areas (colliquated lymph nodes) extending to the subfascial area. Sonography also showed numerous colliquated CASE REPORT lymph nodes in the right laterocervical region as well as a colliquative involvement of both the parotides and A 79-year-old man was admitted to our department because of fever and a necrotic ulcerative lesion of the submandibular lymph nodes. Computerized axial tomography of the head con rmed all the data and again dorsum of his nose. The borders were vegetant, in ltrated on palpation and a purulent exudate was easily showed abscesses of the left masseter muscle and the left submandibular salivary gland. obtained through compression. Numerous sparse tiny pustules and little pus-draining sinuses were peripherHistology of a skin biopsy taken from the borders of the ulcer only revealed a dense diVuse in ammatory ically sparse around the ulcerative lesion (Fig. 1). The in ammatory oedema involved the left cheek and the in ltrate of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the deep dermis, with abscess formation. No fungic elements were lower eyelid. A hardened swelling of the left mandibular angle and some hard, enlarged, latero-cervical lymph observed with PAS staining. Endovenous therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid nodes were present. History revealed that the patient had had a bicycle 6.6 g/day, amikacin 1 g/day and teicoplanin 800mg/day was immediately started. A week later a slight improveaccident 15 days earlier, causing wounds on his forehead, nose and left cheek. The wounds had healed rapidly ment of the purulent and in ammatory aspects of the facial lesions was observed but the laterocervical tumewith common antiseptic medications. Blood sample examination revealed white blood factions had worsened and required surgical drainage. Cultures of purulent exudate from the nose ulcer, cells 13 109/l (60% neutrophils, 25% monocytes) an

First evidence of mutualism between ancient plant lineages (Haplomitriopsida liverworts) and Mucoromycotina fungi and its response to simulated Palaeozoic changes in atmospheric CO2

© 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Situación y perspectivas del sector forestal: desafíos para el Uruguay

A partir de la década de los años 60, el desarrollo de la actividad forestal en Uruguay comienza a visualizarse como viable y con posibilidades de dinamizar tanto el medio rural como la economía en su conjunto

FSRD: fungal stress response database

Adaptation to different types of environmental stress is a common part of life for today's fungi. A deeper understanding of the organization, regulation and evolution of fungal stress response systems may lead to the development of novel antifungal drugs and technologies or the engineering of industrial strains with elevated stress tolerance. Here we present the Fungal Stress Response Database (http://internal.med.unideb.hu/fsrd) aimed to stimulate further research on stress biology of fungi. The database incorporates 1985 fungal stress response proteins with verified physiological function(s) and their orthologs identified and annotated in 28 species including human and plant pathogens, as well as important industrial fungi. The database will be extended continuously to cover other fully sequenced fungal species. Our database, as a starting point for future stress research, facilitates the analysis of literature data on stress and the identification of ortholog groups of stress response proteins in newly sequenced fungal genomes. Database URL: http://internal.med.unideb.hu/fsr

Three ancient hormonal cues co-ordinate shoot branching in a moss.

Shoot branching is a primary contributor to plant architecture, evolving independently in flowering plant sporophytes and moss gametophytes. Mechanistic understanding of branching is largely limited to flowering plants such as Arabidopsis, which have a recent evolutionary origin. We show that in gametophytic shoots of Physcomitrella, lateral branches arise by re-specification of epidermal cells into branch initials. A simple model co-ordinating the activity of leafy shoot tips can account for branching patterns, and three known and ancient hormonal regulators of sporophytic branching interact to generate the branching pattern- auxin, cytokinin and strigolactone. The mode of auxin transport required in branch patterning is a key divergence point from known sporophytic pathways. Although PIN-mediated basipetal auxin transport regulates branching patterns in flowering plants, this is not so in Physcomitrella, where bi-directional transport is required to generate realistic branching patterns. Experiments with callose synthesis inhibitors suggest plasmodesmal connectivity as a potential mechanism for transport.We thank Catherine Rameau, Eva Sundberg and Klaus von Schwartzenberg for giving us mutant lines, Nik Cunniffe for his support with statistical analyses and Siobhan Braybrook for help with the scanning electron microscope. We thank our funding bodies for financial support. Yoan Coudert and Jill Harrison are funded by a BBSRC grant ‘PIN proteins and architectural diversification in plants’ (Grant BB/L00224811) and fellowships from the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (GAT2962) and Royal Society. Ottoline Leyser and Wojtek Palubicki are funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (Grant GAT3272C) and by the European Research Council (Grant N° 294514—EnCoDe). Karin Ljung is funded by the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) and the Swedish Research Council (VR) and thanks Roger Granbom for excellent technical assistance. Ondrej Novak is funded by a Czech Ministry of Education grant from the National Program for Sustainability I (LO1204).This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published in eLIFE (Coudert Y, Palubicki W, Ljung K, Novak O, Leyser O, Harrison CJ, eLIFE, 2015, 4:e06808, doi:10.7554/eLife.06808). The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.0680

Presence of three mycorrhizal genes in the common ancestor of land plants suggests a key role of mycorrhizas in the colonization of land by plants

• The colonization of land by plants fundamentally altered environmental conditions on earth. Plant–mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis likely played a key role in this process by assisting plants to absorb water and nutrients from soil. • Here, in a diverse set of land plants, we investigated the evolutionary histories and functional conservation of three genes required for mycorrhiza formation in legumes and rice ( Oryza sativa ), DMI1 , DMI3 and IPD3 . • The genes were isolated from nearly all major plant lineages. Phylogenetic analyses showed that they had been vertically inherited since the origin of land plants. Further, cross-species mutant rescue experiments demonstrated that DMI3 genes from liverworts and hornworts could rescue Medicago truncatula dmi3 mutants for mycorrhiza formation. Yeast two-hybrid assays also showed that bryophyte DMI3 proteins could bind to downstream-acting M. trunculata IPD3 protein. Finally, molecular evolutionary analyses revealed that these genes were under purifying selection for maintenance of their ancestral functions in all mycorrhizal plant lineages. • These results indicate that the mycorrhizal genes were present in the common ancestor of land plants, and that their functions were largely conserved during land plant evolution. The evidence presented here strongly suggests that plant–mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis was one of the key processes that contributed to the origin of land flora.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78704/1/j.1469-8137.2009.03137.x.pd