Structure of shock compressed model basaltic glass: Insights from O K-edge X-ray Raman scattering and high-resolution ^(27)Al NMR spectroscopy

The detailed atomic structures of shock compressed basaltic glasses are not well understood. Here, we explore the structures of shock compressed silicate glass with a diopside–anorthite eutectic composition (Di_(64)An_(36)), a common Fe-free model basaltic composition, using oxygen K-edge X-ray Raman scattering and high- resolution ^(27)Al solid-state NMR spectroscopy and report previously unknown details of shock-induced changes in the atomic configurations. A topologically driven densification of the Di_(64)An_(36) glass is indicated by the increase in oxygen K-edge energy for the glass upon shock compression. The first experimental evidence of the increase in the fraction of highly coordinated Al in shock compressed glass is found in the ^(27)Al NMR spectra. This unambiguous evidence of shock-induced changes in Al coordination environments provides atomistic insights into shock compression in basaltic glasses and allows us to microscopically constrain the magnitude of impact events or relevant processes involving natural basalts on Earth and planetary surfaces

A Research on Community-Based Livestock of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau locates in Southwestern China, covering the whole area of Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Southern part of Gansu Province, Northwestern part of Sichuan Province and Northwestern part of Yunnan Province, with an area of around 139.08 million hectares of natural grassland, accounting for 39% of the total area of natural grassland in China. It is also the largest natural ecozones in China and one of the least disturbed regions by human activities, with its air, water sources, soil, grassland, wildlife in their pristine state. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the native home for Tibetan people. Grassland animal husbandry is the foundation of the economy of QTP and the main source of livelihood for local nomadic people. During the long term of concerted evolution with the nature, Tibetan people living on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have formed a uniquely holistic grassland ecological culture that is compatible with their production system and the ecosystem. The majority of Tibetan people observe Tibetan Buddhism. Their respect for nature and their belief in that all sentient beings are equal take deep root in their traditional culture. Their harmonious co-existence with nature exemplifies the eco-civilization ideas and provides a solid cultural foundation for both ecology conservation and featured animal husbandry development. On Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, national policies and initiatives such as dual contract of livestock and forage, natural grassland vegetation recovery, returning grazing land to grassland, grassland ecosystem subsidy and rewarding mechanism have been implemented, playing an important role in promoting grassland ecosystem conservation and grassland animal husbandry development. However, since grassland animal husbandry is a complex system involving grassland, farm animal, environment, society, economy, culture, etc, there are still many outstanding problems to be solved

Healthy cities initiative in China: Progress, challenges, and the way forward

Article discusses how China implemented the first phase of its National Healthy Cities pilot program from 2016-20. Authors recommend aligning the Healthy Cities initiative in China with strategic national and global level agendas such as Healthy China 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing an integrative governance framework to facilitate a coherent intersectoral program to systemically improve population health

Subway-Induced Vibration Measurement and Evaluation of the Structure on a Construction Site at Curved Section of Metro Line

Metro property buildings developed rapidly in metropolitan cities over last several years in China. The subway-induced vibration, which may influence the serviceability of the buildings and the comfortability of their occupants over or near the metro lines, has been paid more and more attention by professional and academic experts. Based on the vibration measurement data of a construction site over Shenzhen Metro line No. 1, this paper utilizes the reasonable and completed data processing method to handle and analyse the measured data. Through the analysis of the data, the subway-induced vibration propagation trend of free field along the perpendicular direction to metro line was investigated. It is demonstrated that the subway-induced vibration propagation along the perpendicular direction to metro line was damped out on free field as a whole. But there may exist “rebound phenomenon” at local zones. The responses on pile top and soil adjacent to pile in the vertical shaft along three directions were investigated, and their characteristics in time and frequency domains are compared. Comparison indicates that the subway-induced vibration on pile top is stronger than soil site near the pile. The measurement results on free field reveal that the most obvious feature of this metro line with curved section is that the vibration along the perpendicular direction is stronger than the other directions. But the measurement results in the vertical shaft show that the vertical vibration mainly transferring through the pile and pile’s vibration in the vertical direction is dominant. Finally, the dynamic time-history analysis of the building model under the measured acceleration was conducted. The analytical results show that the vibration response of two evaluation indicators increases with the decrease of damping ratio along all three directions. The vertical vibration is more dominant than other two directions at each floor of building. The vibration levels decrease with the increase of story number along vertical direction and firstly decrease and then increase with the increase of story number increasing along two lateral directions

Tailorable Polypyrrole Nanofilms With Exceptional Electrochemical Performance For All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors

Flexible supercapacitors exhibiting high specific energy (˃1 mW h cm−3) and high specific power are of major research interest in energy storage/conversion systems. In this paper, a strategy has been developed for controlled synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) nanofilms at the ice/alcohol interface through a simple chemical oxidation polymerization method, yielding free-standing PPy nanofilms with decimeter scale. Evidence from molecular dynamics simulations shows monolayer deposition of pyrrole molecules on the ice surface through hydrogen bonding that supports the formation of PPy films at the ice/alcohol interface. Free-standing PPy films can be directly tailored into film electrodes for all-solid-state flexible planar supercapacitor cells (PSCs) and rolled supercapacitor cells (RSCs). Thickness-dependent electrochemical performance for PSCs and RSCs has been constructed in association with PPy nanofilms. The PSCs and RSCs are made from complete PPy films with thickness of 140 ± 5 nm that exhibit specific energy of 0.72 and 2.3 mW h cm−3 with corresponding specific power of 51.7 and 111.1 mW cm−3, respectively. After 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, typical RSCs retain a volumetric capacitance of 9.8 F cm−3 and a specific energy of 1.36 mW h cm−3, holding great potential in practical applications

Increased Sulfiredoxin Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells May Be a Molecular Target of the Anticancer Component Diallyl Trisulfide

Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is a newly discovered antioxidant enzyme playing a role in the catalytic reduction of oxidative modifications. Srx is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. It may promote carcinogenesis as well as tumor progression. In this study, we report for the first time that Srx expression might be positively associated with the development of gastric cancer and tumor malignancy. Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared to normal tissues (42%, 20/47), Srx expression in gastric tumors (85%, 40/47) was much more common (chi-square test, p<0.01). In addition, the staining of Srx was stronger in poorly differentiated gastric cancer than in well-differentiated gastric cancer. Western blotting showed that, in the gastric tumor cell line BGC823, the Srx protein was upregulated in response to H2O2 treatment, although it was inadequate to counteract the increased oxidative stress, as indicated by the gradually increasing level of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, Srx expression, MDA levels, and ROS levels in BGC823 cells were markedly inhibited upon treatment with diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a major constituent of garlic oil with proven anticancer effects. These results suggest that Srx may be an oxidative stress marker. Antioxidation may account for the anticancer potential of garlic

Automatic Malignant Thyroid Nodule Recognition in Ultrasound Images based on Deep Learning

As the most common malignancy in the endocrine system, thyroid cancer is usually diagnosed by discriminating the malignant nodules from the benign ones using ultrasonography, whose interpretation results primarily depends on the subjectivity judgement of the radiologists. In this study, we propose a novel cascade deep learning model to achieve automatic objective diagnose during ultrasound examination for assisting radiologists in recognizing benign and malignant thyroid nodules. First, the simplified U-net is employed to segment the region of interesting (ROI) of the thyroid nodules in each frame of the ultrasound image automatically. Then, to alleviate the limitation that medical training data are relatively small in size, the improved Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE) learning the probability distribution of ROI images is trained to generate new images for data augmentation. Finally, ResNet50 is trained with both original and generated ROI images. As consequence, the deep learning model formed by the trained U-net and trained Resnet-50 cascade can achieve malignant thyroid nodule recognition with the accuracy of 87.4%, the sensitivity of 92%, and the specificity of 86.8%