2,951 research outputs found
Vector and tensor perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology
We study cosmological vector and tensor perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz
gravity, adopting the most general Sotiriou-Visser-Weinfurtner generalization
without the detailed balance but with projectability condition. After deriving
the general formulas in a flat FRW background, we find that the vector
perturbations are identical to those given in general relativity. This is true
also in the non-flat cases. For the tensor perturbations, high order
derivatives of the curvatures produce effectively an anisotropic stress, which
could have significant efforts on the high-frequency modes of gravitational
waves, while for the low-frenquency modes, the efforts are negligible. The
power spectrum is scale-invariant in the UV regime, because of the particular
dispersion relations. But, due to lower-order corrections, it will eventually
reduce to that given in GR in the IR limit. Applying the general formulas to
the de Sitter and power-law backgrounds, we calculate the power spectrum and
index, using the uniform approximations, and obtain their analytical
expressions in both cases.Comment: Correct some typos and add new references. Version to be published in
Physical Reviews
Wave localization in strongly nonlinear Hertzian chains with mass defect
We investigate the dynamical response of a mass defect in a one-dimensional
non-loaded horizontal chain of identical spheres which interact via the
nonlinear Hertz potential. Our experiments show that the interaction of a
solitary wave with a light intruder excites localized mode. In agreement with
dimensional analysis, we find that the frequency of localized oscillations
exceeds the incident wave frequency spectrum and nonlinearly depends on the
size of the intruder and on the incident wave strength. The absence of tensile
stress between grains allows some gaps to open, which in turn induce a
significant enhancement of the oscillations amplitude. We performed numerical
simulations that precisely describe our observations without any adjusting
parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted for publicatio
Probing semiclassical magneto-oscillations in the low-field quantum Hall effect
The low-field quantum Hall effect is investigated on a two-dimensional
electron system in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. Magneto-oscillations
following the semiclassical Shubnikov-de Haas formula are observed even when
the emergence of the mobility gap shows the importance of quantum localization
effects. Moreover, the Lifshitz-Kosevich formula can survive as the oscillating
amplitude becomes large enough for the deviation to the Dingle factor. The
crossover from the semiclassical transport to the description of quantum
diffusion is discussed. From our study, the difference between the mobility and
cyclotron gaps indicates that some electron states away from the Landau-band
tails can be responsible for the semiclassical behaviors under low-field Landau
quantization.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
On the sum of the L1 influences of bounded functions
Let have degree as a multilinear
polynomial. It is well-known that the total influence of is at most .
Aaronson and Ambainis asked whether the total influence of can also
be bounded as a function of . Ba\v{c}kurs and Bavarian answered this
question in the affirmative, providing a bound of for general
functions and for homogeneous functions. We improve on their results
by providing a bound of for general functions and for
homogeneous functions. In addition, we prove a bound of for
monotone functions, and provide a matching example.Comment: 16 pages; accepted for publication in the Israel Journal of
Mathematic
Control of the Casimir force by the modification of dielectric properties with light
The experimental demonstration of the modification of the Casimir force
between a gold coated sphere and a single-crystal Si membrane by light pulses
is performed. The specially designed and fabricated Si membrane was irradiated
with 514 nm laser pulses of 5 ms width in high vacuum leading to a change of
the charge-carrier density. The difference in the Casimir force in the presence
and in the absence of laser radiation was measured by means of an atomic force
microscope as a function of separation at different powers of the absorbed
light. The total experimental error of the measured force differences at a
separation of 100 nm varies from 10 to 20% in different measurements. The
experimental results are compared with theoretical computations using the
Lifshitz theory at both zero and laboratory temperatures. The total theoretical
error determined mostly by the uncertainty in the concentration of charge
carriers when the light is incident is found to be about 14% at separations
less than 140 nm. The experimental data are consistent with the Lifshitz theory
at laboratory temperature, if the static dielectric permittivity of
high-resistivity Si in the absence of light is assumed to be finite. If the dc
conductivity of high-resistivity Si in the absence of light is included into
the model of dielectric response, the Lifshitz theory at nonzero temperature is
shown to be experimentally inconsistent at 95% confidence. The demonstrated
phenomenon of the modification of the Casimir force through a change of the
charge-carrier density is topical for applications of the Lifshitz theory to
real materials in fields ranging from nanotechnology and condensed matter
physics to the theory of fundamental interactions.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
Enhancement of localization in one-dimensional random potentials with long-range correlations
We experimentally study the effect of enhancement of localization in weak
one-dimensional random potentials. Our experimental setup is a single mode
waveguide with 100 tuneable scatterers periodically inserted into the
waveguide. By measuring the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves in
the spacing between each pair of scatterers, we observe a strong decrease of
the localization length when white-noise scatterers are replaced by a
correlated arrangement of scatterers.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Metamagnetism and Lifshitz Transitions in Models for Heavy Fermions
We investigate metamagnetic transitions in models for heavy fermions by
considering the doped Kondo lattice model in two dimensions. Results are
obtained within the framework of dynamical mean field and dynamical cluster
approximations. Universal magnetization curves for different temperatures and
Kondo couplings develop upon scaling with the lattice coherence temperature.
Furthermore, the coupling of the local moments to the magnetic field is varied
to take into account the different Land\'e factors of localized and itinerant
electrons. The competition between the lattice coherence scale and the Zeeman
energy scale allows for two interpretations of the metamagnetism in heavy
fermions: Kondo breakdown or Lifshitz transitions. By tracking the
single-particle residue through the transition, we can uniquely conclude in
favor of the Lifshitz transition scenario. In this scenario, a quasiparticle
band drops below the Fermi energy which leads to a change in topology of the
Fermi surface.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Casimir effect in the nonequilibrium steady-state of a quantum spin chain
We present a fully microscopics-based calculation of the Casimir effect in a
nonequilibrium system, namely an energy flux driven quantum XX chain. The force
between the walls (transverse-field impurities) is calculated in a
nonequilibrium steady state which is prepared by letting the system evolve from
an initial state with the two halves of the chain prepared at equilibrium at
different temperatures. The steady state emerging in the large-time limit is
homogeneous but carries an energy flux. The Casimir force in this
nonequilibrium state is calculated analytically in the limit when the
transverse fields are small. We find that the the Casimir force range is
reduced compared to the equilibrium case, and suggest that the reason for this
is the reduction of fluctuations in the flux carrying steady state.Comment: 11 page
Survival probability of a particle in a sea of mobile traps: A tale of tails
We study the long-time tails of the survival probability of an
particle diffusing in -dimensional media in the presence of a concentration
of traps that move sub-diffusively, such that the mean square
displacement of each trap grows as with .
Starting from a continuous time random walk (CTRW) description of the motion of
the particle and of the traps, we derive lower and upper bounds for and
show that for these bounds coincide asymptotically, thus
determining asymptotically exact results. The asymptotic decay law in this
regime is exactly that obtained for immobile traps. This means that for
sufficiently subdiffusive traps, the moving particle sees the traps as
essentially immobile, and Lifshitz or trapping tails remain unchanged. For
and the upper and lower bounds again coincide,
leading to a decay law equal to that of a stationary particle. Thus, in this
regime the moving traps see the particle as essentially immobile. For ,
however, the upper and lower bounds in this regime no longer coincide
and the decay law for the survival probability of the particle remains
ambiguous
Circuit approach to photonic heat transport
We discuss the heat transfer by photons between two metals coupled by a
linear element with a reactive impedance. Using a simple circuit approach, we
calculate the spectral power transmitted from one resistor to the other and
find that it is determined by the photon transmission coefficient, which
depends on the impedances of the metals and the coupling element. We study the
total photonic power flow for different coupling impedances, both in the linear
regime, where the temperature difference between the metals is small, and in
the non-linear regime of large temperature differences.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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