Clustered-loss retransmission protocol over wireless TCP

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performs well in traditional wired networks where the packet loss rate is low. However, in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks, the high packet loss rate over wireless links may result in excessive invocation of the congestion control algorithm, thus deteriorating the performance of TCP. In this paper, a novel localized link layer retransmission protocol, called Clustered-loss Retransmission Protocol (CLRP), is proposed. CLRP consists of three protocol components, namely, TCP-FH deployed on a fixed host, TCP-MH deployed on a mobile host and CLRP-BS deployed on a base station. CLRP can provide not only explicit distinction between congestion and packet corruption losses, and effective multiple wireless loss information for retransmissions, but also better retransmission control for wireless losses. Thus it is well suited to wireless networks, in which packet loss and bursty packet corruption is a serious problem. Moreover, CLRP does not require any modifications to TCP deployed on fixed hosts. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Design of SNACK mechanism for wireless TCP with New Snoop

TCP is the most widely adopted transport layer communication protocol. In heterogeneous wired/wireless networks, however, the high packet loss rate over wireless links can trigger unnecessary execution of TCP congestion control algorithms, resulting in performance degradation. TCP performs poorly on wireless links with bursts losses, when it is forced to rely on limited information available from batched acknowledgements, (i.e., multiple packets are acknowledged with one acknowledgment packet). In this paper, a Selective Negative Acknowledgement (SNACK) mechanism is designed to overcome the limitation of batched acknowledgments. A new link layer retransmission protocol, called, SNACK-NS (New Snoop), is proposed. Through the detection and retransmission functions that are provided by the two protocol components of SNACK-NS, namely, SNACK-Snoop and SNACK-TCP, the transmission performance of TCP over wireless network is greatly enhanced in both fixed host (FH) to mobile host (MH) and MH to FH transmissions.published_or_final_versio

Spontaneous Pattern Formation in a Polariton Condensate

Polariton condensation can be regarded as a self-organization phenomenon, where phase ordering is established among particles in the system. In such condensed systems, further ordering can possibly occur in the particle density distribution, under particular experimental conditions. In this work we report on spontaneous pattern formation in a polariton condensate under non-resonant optical pumping. The slightly elliptical ring-shaped excitation laser we employ is such to force condensation to occur in a single-energy state with periodic boundary conditions, giving rise to a multi-lobe standing wave patterned state

Unified Momentum Model for Rotor Aerodynamics Across Operating Regimes

Despite substantial growth in wind energy technology in recent decades, aerodynamic modeling of wind turbines relies on momentum models derived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which are well-known to break down under flow regimes in which wind turbines often operate. This gap in theoretical modeling for rotors that are misaligned with the inflow and also for high-thrust rotors has resulted in the development of numerous empirical corrections which are widely applied in textbooks, research articles, and open-source and industry design codes. This work reports a unified momentum model to efficiently predict power production, thrust force, and wake dynamics of rotors under arbitrary inflow angles and thrust coefficients without empirical corrections. This unified momentum model can form a new basis for wind turbine modeling, design, and control tools from first-principles and may enable further development of innovations necessary for increased wind production and reliability to respond to 21st century climate change challenges

Spontaneous self-ordered states of vortex-antivortex pairs in a Polariton Condensate

Polariton condensates have proved to be model systems to investigate topological defects, as they allow for direct and non-destructive imaging of the condensate complex order parameter. The fundamental topological excitations of such systems are quantized vortices. In specific configurations, further ordering can bring the formation of vortex lattices. In this work we demonstrate the spontaneous formation of ordered vortical states, consisting in geometrically self-arranged vortex-antivortex pairs. A mean-field generalized Gross-Pitaevskii model reproduces and supports the physics of the observed phenomenology